A GIS based emission inventory development for Tehran

Shahbazi, Hossein; Taghvaee, Sina; Hosseini, Vahid; Afshin, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2016.08.005

Cited by 108 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, factor 2 can be considered a mixture of soil and industrial emissions. The major role of industrial activities in Tehran's air pollution was previously noted by Shahbazi et al [45], who reported the existence of around 3100 industrial units in the city. This factor was also impacted to a lesser degree by road dust emissions, due to the presence of Ba, Cu, Mn, and Zn, which is in agreement with the results of previous studies [22,46,96].…”

Section: Factor 2: Soil and Industrymentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Ambient PM sampling was performed at two residential sampling locations in central Tehran. [39,41,45]. Therefore, both of the sampling sites of this study are exposed to all of the abovementioned sources, as identified by our previous PM 2.5 source apportionment study [46,50] at the same sampling sites.…”

Section: Sampling Sites Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Moreover, vehicular emissions and industrial activities are found to be two of the dominant sources impacting the air pollution in this mega city [37,44]. Mobile sources have been identified as dominant contributors to CO (98%), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (88%), and NOx (46%), while energy conversion processes (i.e., power plants and petrochemical facilities) have been found to be responsible for the majority (i.e., more than 90%) of SOx emissions [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources and Temporal Variations of Coarse Particulate Matter (PM) in Central Tehran, Iran

et al. 2019

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In this study, we used the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to evaluate the sources of ambient coarse particulate matter (PM) and their temporal variations in two sampling sites, i.e., a school dormitory and a retirement home, located in central Tehran. 24-h ambient PM samples were collected using low-volume air samplers from May 2012 to June 2013. The collected filters were analyzed for their chemical components, including water-soluble ions, metals, and trace elements, which were used as the input to the PMF model. Our results indicated annual averages of 45.7 ± 3.8 µg/m 3 and 36.2. ± 4.0 µg/m 3 for coarse PM at the School dormitory and Tohid retirement home, respectively. Moreover, higher ambient coarse PM mass concentrations were observed in the warm season (53.3 ± 5.8 µg/m 3 for school dormitory and 43.1 ± 6.1 µg/m 3 for Tohid retirement home) as opposed to the cold season (41.4 ± 4.7 µg/m 3 for school dormitory and 28.7 ± 4.6 µg/m 3 for Tohid retirement home). Our PMF analysis also identified road dust, soil, and industry, and atmospherically processed coarse PM as the three sources of ambient coarse PM in central Tehran. Road dust, soil, and industry were the major sources of ambient coarse PM, contributing respectively to 74 ± 9% and 19 ± 2% of the total coarse PM mass concentration, while atmospherically aged aerosols had a rather minimal contribution of 7 ± 1% to total coarse PM mass concentration. The temporal trends of the resolved factors also revealed higher contributions of road dust to total ambient coarse PM during warm season as opposed to cold season, due to the increased resuspension rate from road surfaces as a result of higher wind speeds, and temperatures, combined with lower relative humidity. Similarly, higher resuspension rate of mechanically originated particulates resulted in higher warm-season time contributions of the soil factor. Results of this study clearly revealed the key role of road dust and non-tail pipe emissions on ambient coarse PM mass concentrations in crowded areas of central Tehran, and have important implications on the potential health impacts that can be caused by these difficult to mitigate sources of coarse PM.

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Section: Factor 2: Soil and Industrymentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Sampling Sites Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources and Temporal Variations of Coarse Particulate Matter (PM) in Central Tehran, Iran

et al. 2019

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“…On the other hand, population growth and lifestyle changes result in greater pollution with development and growth of cities and the resulting energy use in concentrated physical locations. For example, 85% of air pollution generated in 2013 in Tehran, Iran, a city of 8.2-million residents, came from transportation vehicles, whereas emissions from industries, energy conversion, households, and terminals accounted for the remaining portion (Shahbazi et al, 2016). The pollutants include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOX), PM, sulfur oxides (SOX), methane (CH4), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on green liquid fuels for the transportation sector: a prospect of microbial solutions to climate change

et al. 2019

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“…In a study performed by Lelieveld, Evans, Fnais, Giannadaki, and Pozzer (2015), Tehran was ranked among the cities with a high mortality rate due to human exposure to long-term air pollution. According to Shahbazi, Taghvaee, Hosseini, and Afshin (2016), annual pollution from fixed sources such as factories, and mobile industries including the transportation agency in Tehran for 2013, amounted to 37.4, 85.5, 506.7, 83.6, and 8.5 kg for SO X , NO X , CO, VOCs, and PM emissions, respectively. Also, Alizadeh Choobari, Bidokhti, Ghafarian, and Najafi (2016) investigated PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels in the north of Tehran, which were found to be significantly higher than the national average on a per m 2 basis.…”

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confidence: 99%

The increase of rainfall erosivity and initial soil erosion processes due to rainfall acidification

Kavian

Alipour

Soleimani

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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The drastic growth of population in highly industrialized urban areas, as well as fossil fuel use, is increasing levels of airborne pollutants and enhancing acid rain. In rapidly developing countries such as Iran, the occurrence of acid rain has also increased. Acid rain is a driving factor of erosion due to the destructive effects on biota and aggregate stability; however, little is known about its impact on specific rates of erosion at the pedon scale. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of acid rain at pH levels of 5.25, 4.25, and 3.75 for rainfall intensities of 40, 60, and 80 mm h−1 on initial soil erosion processes under dry and saturated soil conditions using rainfall simulations. The results were compared using a two‐way ANOVA and Duncan tests and showed that initial soil erosion rates with acidic rain and non‐acidic rain under dry soil conditions were significantly different. The highest levels of soil particle loss due to splash effects in all rainfall intensities were observed with the most acidic rain (pH = 3.75), reaching maximum values of 16 g m−2 min−1. The lowest levels of particle losses were observed in the control plot where non‐acidic rain was used, with values ranging from 3.8 to 8.1 g m−2 min−1. Similarly, under saturated soil conditions, the lowest level of soil particle loss was observed in the control plot, and the highest peaks of soil loss were observed for the most acidic rains (pH = 3.75 and pH = 4.25), reaching maximum average values of 40 g m−2 min−1. However, for saturated soils with acidic water but with non‐acidic rain, the highest soil particle loss was observed for the control plot for all the rainfall intensities. In conclusion, acidic rain has a negative impact on soils, which can be more intense with a concomitant increase in rainfall intensity. Rapid solutions, therefore, need to be found to reduce the emission of pollutants into the air, otherwise, rainfall erosivity may drastically increase.

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A GIS based emission inventory development for Tehran

Cited by 108 publications

References 20 publications

Sources and Temporal Variations of Coarse Particulate Matter (PM) in Central Tehran, Iran

Sources and Temporal Variations of Coarse Particulate Matter (PM) in Central Tehran, Iran

A review on green liquid fuels for the transportation sector: a prospect of microbial solutions to climate change

The increase of rainfall erosivity and initial soil erosion processes due to rainfall acidification

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