A gist orientation before retrieval impacts the objective content but not the subjective experience of episodic memory

Folville, Adrien; D’Argembeau, Arnaud; Bastin, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.102879

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Using these measures, it was shown that the intensity of memory vividness was significantly predicted both by spatial source memory accuracy (Folville, D'Argembeau, et al, 2020b) and the number of retrieved memory details (Folville et al, 2021;Folville, D'Argembeau, et al, 2020b, 2020a. Interestingly, the positive relation between vividness and memory content extends to memory studies conducted outside the laboratory, with young participants' vividness ratings being related to the amount of recollected units of experience from real-life events (Folville, Jeunehomme et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Cognitive Bases Of Memory Vividnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results revealed that regression values significantly differed from zero, thus suggesting that the intensity of memory vividness was determined by how low-level visual features were reinstated . Other recent studies have used mixed-effects models to examine the relationship between the intensity of memory vividness and the associated number of retrieved details (Folville, D'Argembeau et Bastin, 2020b, 2020a. While both linear regressions conducted within each participant and mixed-effects analyses consider the dependent and independent variables at the trial level, mixed-effects models offer the advantage of considering both trials and participants as random effects (Baayen et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Cognitive Bases Of Memory Vividnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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I remember it like it was yesterday: Age-related differences in the subjective experience of remembering

et al. 2021

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It has been frequently described that older adults subjectively report the vividness of their memories as being as high, or even higher, than young adults, despite poorer objective memory performance. Here, we review studies that examined age-related differences in the subjective experience of memory vividness. By examining vividness calibration and resolution, studies using different types of approaches converge to suggest that older adults overestimate the intensity of their vividness ratings relative to young adults, and that they rely on retrieved memory details to a lesser extent to judge vividness. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying these observations. Inflation of memory vividness with regard to the richness of memory content may stem from age-differences in vividness criterion or scale interpretation and psycho-social factors. The reduced reliance on episodic memory details in older adults may stem from age-related differences in how they monitor these details to make their vividness ratings. Considered together, these findings emphasize the importance of examining age-differences in memory vividness using different analytical methods and they provide valuable evidence that the subjective experience of remembering is more than the reactivation of memory content. In this vein, we recommend that future studies explore the links between memory vividness and other subjective memory scales (e.g., ratings of details or memory confidence) in healthy aging and/or other populations, as it could be used as a window to better characterize the cognitive processes that underpin the subjective assessment of the quality of recollected events.

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Section: The Cognitive Bases Of Memory Vividnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Cognitive Bases Of Memory Vividnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

I remember it like it was yesterday: Age-related differences in the subjective experience of remembering

et al. 2021

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“…We have emphasized earlier that normal aging decreases the capacity to recollect the specific details of past experience while not affecting memory for the general meaning of previously encoded information (Flores et al, 2017;Gallo et al, 2019). A limitation of the free-recall approach that we have used in our previous studies linking vividness and episodic details is that it does not provide any insight about the capacity of participants to reinstate the gist of the memory trace (Folville, D'Argembeau et al, 2020a). One may thus wonder whether older adults could rely more than young adults on the gist of the memory trace to judge its vividness, hence reducing the intensity of the relationship between vividness and the amount of recalled specific details.…”

Section: Do Older Adults Use Episodic Details In a Similar Way As Young Adults To Frame Their Subjective Sense Of Memory Vividness?mentioning

confidence: 95%

I remember it like it was yesterday: Age-related changes in the subjective experience of remembering

Folville¹,

Simons²,

D’Argembeau³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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It has been frequently described that older adults subjectively report the vividness of their memories as being as high, or even higher, than young adults, despite poorer objective memory performance and/or lower activity in the associated brain regions. Here, we review studies that examined age-related changes in the cognitive and neural basis of the subjective experience of remembering. Together, these studies reveal that older adults assign subjective memory ratings that are as high or higher than young adults but rely on retrieved memory details to a lesser extent. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying this observation. Overestimation of subjective ratings may stem from metamemory changes, psycho-social factors or methodological issues. As for poorer calibration of the ratings, this may be explained by the fact that older adults rely on/weight other types of information (conceptual knowledge, personal memories, and socioemotional or gist aspects of the memory trace) to a greater extent than young adults when judging the subjective vividness of their memories. We further highlight that a desirable avenue for future research would be to investigate how subjective ratings follow the richness of the corresponding mental representations in other cognitive operations than episodic memory and in other populations than healthy older adults. Finally, we recommend that future studies explore the bases of the subjective sense of remembering across the lifespan while considering recent accounts focusing both on individual and collective/shared aspects of recollection.

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“…Episodic memory, defined as the capacity to retrieve details of personal past events ( 1 ), is often sub-categorized as either a form of verbal memory (e.g., accurately recalling when you last spoke to a friend; objective episodic memory); or as the retrieval of detailed, integrated, and personally relevant past events [e.g., recalling the sensory, affective, and contextual details of when you last spoke to a friend; subjective episodic memory; ( 2 )]. Deficits in subjective episodic memory are associated with a tendency to overlook specific contextual details in favor of overgeneralizing experiences into a single theme or central meaning ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test whether more frequent cannabis use is associated with deficits in subjective episodic memory, we compared event retrieval responses (i.e., reward and specificity ratings) between those with low to moderate relative to high frequency cannabis use patterns following an ESI intervention or an ESI control condition. We hypothesized that ( 1 ) those who used cannabis more frequently would retrieve less specific and rewarding events relative to those with less frequent use, and ( 2 ) that ESI would enhance specificity and reward ratings relative to ESI control. Lastly, we examined whether there was a significant interaction between ESI condition and frequency of use groups (low to moderate vs. high) such that ESI would enhance subjective episodic memory measures to a greater extent in high frequency relative to low to moderate frequency cannabis users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Cannabis Use Frequency and Episodic Specificity Training on the Recall of Specific and Rewarding Events

2021

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Background: Growing evidence implicates subjective episodic memory, the retrieval of detailed, integrated, and personally relevant past events, as a marker of cognitive vulnerability in mental disorders. Frequent and problematic cannabis use is associated with deficits in objective episodic memory (verbal memory), but the relationship between subjective episodic memory deficits and frequency of cannabis use is unknown. Further, whether a brief intervention designed to enhance the specificity of event retrieval, such as the Episodic Specificity Induction (ESI), might effectively target such deficits among regular cannabis users is unexamined. This study was designed to examine subjective episodic memory as a potential marker of cognitive vulnerability among frequent cannabis users.Methods: Active cannabis users (n = 133) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk or Qualtrics Panels were randomized to receive an ESI-control or ESI session and were separated into those who used cannabis 1–25 days in the past month (low to moderate frequency group) and those who used 26–30 days (high frequency group), which facilitated a low to moderate use/ESI-control group (n = 78), low to moderate use/ESI group (n =15), high-use/ESI-control group (n = 20), and high-use/ESI group (n = 20). Following the ESI or ESI-control intervention, participants selected four, positive events from the prior day, described the who, what, and where of the events, and rated how specific (vividness) and rewarding (enjoyable, importance, and exciting) each event was on a 0–100 scale. Four two-way ANCOVAs (demographics and problematic cannabis use covariates) were performed to examine the effects of frequency of cannabis use group and ESI group on the specificity and reward ratings.Results: Lower vividness and excitement ratings were reported for those with high relative to low to moderate cannabis use frequency patterns (p < 0.05). Those who received ESI reported greater vividness, excitement, and importance ratings than the ESI-control group (p < 0.01). No significant interactions between frequency and ESI were found.Conclusion: Findings from the current exploratory study provide initial evidence suggesting that more frequent cannabis use may be associated with the retrieval of less specific and rewarding events relative to less frequent users. Further, ESI may improve such deficits. Future studies that recruit larger and more clinically serious samples of cannabis users appear warranted.

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A gist orientation before retrieval impacts the objective content but not the subjective experience of episodic memory

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

I remember it like it was yesterday: Age-related differences in the subjective experience of remembering

I remember it like it was yesterday: Age-related differences in the subjective experience of remembering

I remember it like it was yesterday: Age-related changes in the subjective experience of remembering

The Effects of Cannabis Use Frequency and Episodic Specificity Training on the Recall of Specific and Rewarding Events

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