A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics

Lev, Einat; Ruprecht, Philipp; Oppenheimer, Clive; Peters, Nial; Patrick, M. R.; Hernández, Pedro A.; Spampinato, Letizia; Marlow, Jeff

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.04.010

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Mean surface velocities are typically less than ∼ 0.1 m/s but can reach up to ∼ 0.15 m/s at high activity (Oppenheimer et al, 2009;Peters et al, 2014a). Peak velocities vary between ∼ 0.1-0.5 m/s over periods of 5-10 minutes (Oppenheimer et al, 2009) but may exceed 0.8 m/s when the lake is most active (Calkins et al, 2008;Lev et al, 2019). Strombolian eruptions are not correlated with the periodic activity and do not regulate surface velocities beyond the ∼5 min in which the lake refills (Peters et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Observational Constraints On Ray Lakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…5). Within the range of outgassing rates we consider, conditions for the pulsing regime are met for u in 0.3 m/s and for φ 0 0.2 We do not test scenarios of R in 1, where inflow exceeds free convection, which may be applicable for advection-dominated lava lakes like Ambrym (Carniel et al, 2003;Lev et al, 2019).…”

Section: Pulsing Plume Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6a,c & e) shows that the dripping and transitional regimes are characterized by more rapid variations in surface velocity than the pulsing regime. Surface velocity field data are calculated using optical velocimetry on thermal imaging observations from December 2012 (see Peters et al (2014b) and Lev et al (2019) for details on data collection and velocimetry). Here, we use two representative 1-hr long time series from 14:00-14:59 on Dec 06 and 05:00-05:59 on Dec 26 ( Fig.…”

Section: Comparison To Field Data 51 Surface Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodic outgassing as a result of unsteady convection in Ray lava lake, Mount Erebus, Antarctica

Birnbaum

Keller

Suckale

et al. 2020

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Persistently active lava lakes show continuous outgassing and open convection overyears to decades. Ray Lake, the lava lake at Mount Erebus, Ross Island, Antarctica, maintains long-term, near steady-state behavior in temperature, heat flux, gas flux, lake level, and composition. This activity is superposed by periodic small pulses of gas and hot magma every 5-18 minutes and disrupted by sporadic Strombolian eruptions.The periodic pulses have been attributed to a variety of potential processes including unstable bidirectional flow in the conduit feeding the lake. In contrast to hypotheses invoking a conduit source for the observed periodicity, we test the hypothesis that the behavior could be the result of dynamics within the lake itself, independent of periodic influx from the conduit. We perform numerical simulations of convection in Ray Lake driven by both constant and periodic inflow of gas-rich magma from the conduit to identify whether the two cases have different observational signatures at the surface.Our simulations show dripping diapirs or pulsing plumes leading to observable surface behavior with periodicities in the range of 5-20 minutes. We conclude that a convective speed faster than the inflow speed can result in periodic behavior without requiring periodicity in conduit dynamics. This finding suggests that the surface behavior of lava lakes might be less indicative of volcanic conduit processes in persistently outgassing volcanoes than previously thought, and that dynamics within the lava lake itself may modify or overprint patterns emerging from the conduit.

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Section: Observational Constraints On Ray Lakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pulsing Plume Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison To Field Data 51 Surface Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodic outgassing as a result of unsteady convection in Ray lava lake, Mount Erebus, Antarctica

Birnbaum

Keller

Suckale

et al. 2020

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Self Cite

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“…Lava lakes, of all compositions, are dealt with separately due to their unique shallow geometry and our ability to directly observe the top of the magmatic column, which aids interpretation of degassing mechanisms. [94]), and Erebus (Antarctica), although several have since subsided [93]. Given their persistent activity, lava lakes are prime 'natural laboratories' for the quantification of volcanic gas outgassing.…”

Section: Previous Studies On Periodicity Within Volcanic Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another cycle has a 23.6 day period, which appears too short to be linked to the lunar 27.6 day cycle [27,101]. Further periodicities at 140, 121, 94, and 46 days could reflect the volcanic influence at Masaya, involving replenishment of magma into storage zones, necessary to feed the observed high degassing rates of Masaya [35,102] which will also reflect changes in surface behaviour of the lava lake [17,93]. Given the large dataset gaps, it was only possible to conduct the CWT over a portion of the dataset between 16/11/2015 and 30/09/2016.…”

Section: Previous Studies On Periodicity Within Volcanic Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodicity in Volcanic Gas Plumes: A Review and Analysis

2019

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Persistent non-explosive passive degassing is a common characteristic of active volcanoes. Distinct periodic components in measurable parameters of gas release have been widely identified over timescales ranging from seconds to months. The development and implementation of high temporal resolution gas measurement techniques now enables the robust quantification of high frequency processes operating on timescales comparable to those detectable in geophysical datasets. This review presents an overview of the current state of understanding regarding periodic volcanic degassing, and evaluates the methods available for detecting periodicity, e.g., autocorrelation, variations of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Periodicities in volcanic degassing from published studies were summarised and statistically analysed together with analyses of literature-derived datasets where periodicity had not previously been investigated. Finally, an overview of current knowledge on drivers of periodicity was presented and discussed in the framework of four main generating categories, including: (1) non-volcanic (e.g., atmospheric or tidally generated); (2) gas-driven, shallow conduit processes; (3) magma movement, intermediate to shallow storage zone; and (4) deep magmatic processes.

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Open-vent volcanoes: a preface to the special issue

Vergniolle

Métrich

2021

Bull Volcanol

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A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics

Cited by 24 publications

References 95 publications

Periodic outgassing as a result of unsteady convection in Ray lava lake, Mount Erebus, Antarctica

Periodic outgassing as a result of unsteady convection in Ray lava lake, Mount Erebus, Antarctica

Periodicity in Volcanic Gas Plumes: A Review and Analysis

Open-vent volcanoes: a preface to the special issue

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