A Glossary for Rotational Seismology

Lee, W. H. K.

doi:10.1785/0120080342

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…According to the glossary presented by Lee [45], this consists of a rotational seismometer, a precise time source and a recording device; however, in this paper the primary focus will be on the rotational seismometer. A careful analysis of other seismograph components can be found in a book by Havskov and Alguacil [7].…”

Section: Fundamental Requirements For Rotational Seismometers Depementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Usefulness of Various Rotational Seismometers with Laboratory Results of Fibre-Optic Ones Tested for Engineering Applications

Jaroszewicz

Kurzych

Krajewski

et al. 2016

Sensors

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Starting with descriptions of rotational seismology, areas of interest and historical field measurements, the fundamental requirements for rotational seismometers for seismological and engineering application are formulated. On the above basis, a review of all existing rotational seismometers is presented with a description of the principles of their operation as well as possibilities to fulfill formulated requirements. This review includes mechanical, acoustical, electrochemical and optical devices and shows that the last of these types are the most promising. It is shown that optical rotational seismometer based on the ring-laser gyroscope concept is the best for seismological applications, whereas systems based on fiber-optic gyroscopes demonstrate parameters which are also required for engineering applications. Laboratory results of the Fibre-Optic System for Rotational Events & Phenomena Monitoring using a small 1-D shaking table modified to generate rotational excitations are presented. The harmonic and time-history tests demonstrate its usefulness for recording rotational motions with rates up to 0.25 rad/s.

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Section: Fundamental Requirements For Rotational Seismometers Depementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Usefulness of Various Rotational Seismometers with Laboratory Results of Fibre-Optic Ones Tested for Engineering Applications

Jaroszewicz

Kurzych

Krajewski

et al. 2016

Sensors

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“…Because standard dictionaries may not include new technical terms, Lee (2009) compiled a list of glossary terms for rotational seismology from contributions of some of the authors of this special issue and also included some glossary terms on earthquakes from Aki and Lee (2003) and for the benefit of scientists who are not seismologists.…”

Section: Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Special Issue on Rotational Seismology and Engineering Applications

Lee¹,

Çelebi²,

Todorovska³

et al. 2009

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

165

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Rotational seismology is an emerging field for studying all aspects of rotational ground motions induced by earthquakes, explosions, and ambient vibrations. It is of interest to a wide range of geophysical disciplines, including strong-motion seismology, broadband seismology, earthquake engineering, earthquake physics, seismic instrumentation, seismic hazards, seismotectonics, and geodesy, as well as to physicists using Earth-based observatories for detecting gravitational waves generated by astronomical sources (predicted by Einstein in 1916). In this introduction to the BSSA special issue on rotational seismology and engineering applications, we will include (1) some background information, (2) a summary of the recent events that led to this special issue, and (3) an overview of its 51 papers-27 articles, 11 short notes, 4 reviews, 6 tutorials, and 3 supplementary articles. Our comments on these 51 papers are very brief and give just a hint of what the papers are about.Papers in this special issue demonstrate that earthquake monitoring cannot be limited to measuring only the three components of translational motion. We also need to simultaneously measure the three components of rotational motion and the many components of strains. A golden opportunity to improve our understanding of earthquakes lies in the near field of large earthquakes (within about 25 km of the earthquake ruptures), where nonlinear rock and soil response influences ground motions in a complicated way. Some Background InformationRotational effects of earthquake waves together with rotations caused by soil-structure interaction (e.g., in chimneys, monuments, or tombstones rotated on their supports) have been observed for centuries. A few early authors proposed rotational waves or at least some vortical motions. Some of these early observations, however, might have resulted from ground rocking caused by soil-structure interaction. Some early seismic instruments designed to detect and to record earthquake shaking also included the rocking of ground motion because it was believed that earthquakes were caused by explosions in the Earth (Trifunac, 2008). As summarized by Ferrari (2006), two models of an electrical seismograph with sliding smoked paper were developed by P. Filippo Cecchi (1822-1887) to record three-component translation motions and also the torsion movements from earthquakes. Although these instruments operated for several years, no rotational motion could be recorded because of low transducer sensitivity.Mallet (1862) proposed that rotations of a body on the Earth's surface are due to a sequence of different seismic phases emerging under different angles. Reid (1910) studied this phenomenon, which was observed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, and pointed out that the observed rotations are too large to be produced by waves of elastic distortion. Such waves "produce very small rotations, whose maximum amount, … is given by the expression 2πA=λ, where A is the amplitude and λ the wave-length; with a wave as short as 10...

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“…The main application areas are seismology and seismic exploration, where angular motion sensors based on a number of operating principles are being actively introduced. This has already resulted in a variety of new methods for multicomponent seismic observations where three components of ambience linear motion and three angular parts are registered simultaneously [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The molecular-electronic transfer (MET) technology is considered as one of the most prominent technologies for these areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Electronic Angular Motion Transducer Broad Band Self-Noise

Zaitsev

Agafonov

Egorov

et al. 2015

Sensors

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Modern molecular electronic transfer (MET) angular motion sensors combine high technical characteristics with low cost. Self-noise is one of the key characteristics which determine applications for MET sensors. However, until the present there has not been a model describing the sensor noise in the complete operating frequency range. The present work reports the results of an experimental study of the self-noise level of such sensors in the frequency range of 0.01–200 Hz. Based on the experimental data, a theoretical model is developed. According to the model, self-noise is conditioned by thermal hydrodynamic fluctuations of the operating fluid flow in the frequency range of 0.01–2 Hz. At the frequency range of 2–100 Hz, the noise power spectral density has a specific inversely proportional dependence of the power spectral density on the frequency that could be attributed to convective processes. In the high frequency range of 100–200 Hz, the noise is conditioned by the voltage noise of the electronics module input stage operational amplifiers and is heavily reliant to the sensor electrical impedance. The presented results allow a deeper understanding of the molecular electronic sensor noise nature to suggest the ways to reduce it.

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A Glossary for Rotational Seismology

Abstract: Some common terms for rotational seismology are compiled from con

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Review of the Usefulness of Various Rotational Seismometers with Laboratory Results of Fibre-Optic Ones Tested for Engineering Applications

Review of the Usefulness of Various Rotational Seismometers with Laboratory Results of Fibre-Optic Ones Tested for Engineering Applications

Introduction to the Special Issue on Rotational Seismology and Engineering Applications

Molecular Electronic Angular Motion Transducer Broad Band Self-Noise

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