A glycoprotein pneumococcal conjugate vaccine primes for antibody responses to a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Gambian children

Obaro, Stephen K.; Huo, Zhiming; Banya, Winston; Henderson, D.C.; Monteil, Michèle; Leach, Amanda; Greenwood, Brian

doi:10.1097/00006454-199712000-00007

Cited by 76 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Protective immunity against both invasive disease [16,17] and otitis media [18] has been demonstrated after vaccination of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. In addition, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines induce PS-specific memory B cells [19][20][21], similar to what has been observed after immunization with protein antigens.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

et al. 2006

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Immunization with a tetanus-protein (TT) pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) conjugate vaccine (Pnc1-TT) induces protective immunity against lethal pneumococcal infections in neonatal and infant mice, but anti-PPS IgG response and protective efficacy is lower than in adult mice. Here, we show that reduced antibody (Ab) response and protection against infections is directly related to impaired T cell response to the carrier. Whereas spleen cells from adult mice immunized with Pnc1-TT responded with proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion to in vitro stimulation with TT, spleen cells from neonatal and infant mice did not. However, significant, but age dependent, Th2-cytokine responses were observed in mice immunized with Pnc1-TT. Impaired IFN-gamma production upon TT-stimulation in vitro was also reflected in reduced IFN-gamma/IL-5 ratio. The IL--5 response correlated with IgG anti-PPS titers, and the lack of PPS Ab in the majority of neonatal mice was clearly associated with absence of carrier-specific IL-5 production. These results show that immunization with Pnc1-TT induces carrier-specific T cell responses that increase with age and determine the levels of PPS-specific Ab elicited. Whereas a weak and Th2-biased response was observed in neonatal mice, infant mice showed a mixed Th1-Th2 response as observed in adults

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

et al. 2006

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“…Previous authors have commented that the most common pneumococcal serotypes that cause infections in children are the poorest immunogens in this age group (10,20). The poor immunogenicity of serotype 6B polysaccharide for example has been observed in previous studies (27,44) and might make conditions more favorable for persistent carriage of pneumococci bearing the 6B capsule. In carriage studies, including the data presented here, serotype 6B pneumococci are more frequently isolated than many other serotypes (6,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Social Mixing with Other Children during Infancy Enhances Antibody Response to a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Early Childhood

Salt

Banner

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Children who have siblings and/or who attend day care have higher rates of nasopharyngeal colonization with pneumococci than lone children do. Pneumococcal colonization is usually asymptomatic but is a prerequisite for invasive disease. We studied the effect of social mixing with other children on immunity to a pneumococcal vaccine. One hundred sixty children aged 1 year were immunized with a 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. A blood sample was obtained before and 9 to 11 days after the vaccine. The concentration and avidity of antibody against vaccine pneumococcal serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) were studied in relation to pneumococcal carriage rate and measures of social mixing. Children with increased social mixing had higher antibody concentrations against serotypes 4, 9V, 14, and 23F than lone children did. The least-carried serotype, serotype 4, was the one of the most immunogenic. This contrasts with serotype 6B, the most common nasopharyngeal isolate but the least immunogenic. Social mixing in infancy enhances the immune response to a Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine at 1 year of age. Exposure to pneumococci in the first year of life may induce immunological priming. An alternative explanation is that differences in immunological experience, such as increased exposure to respiratory viral infections in early childhood, alters the response to vaccines perhaps by affecting the balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The low immunogenicity of serotype 6B polysaccharide might make conditions more favorable for carriage of the 6B organism and explain why 6B pneumococci were more frequently isolated than other serotypes.

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“…Thus, in (1,44). In addition, we and others have shown that PCVvaccination can overcome the impaired immune response to the plain pneumococcal polysaccharide in certain risk groups (22,30,32,39,41,46,55). However, antibody concentrations are not the only correlate of a protective immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As we know from Haemophilus influenzae, conjugate vaccine efficacy is also determined by differences in the kinetics of immune response (17). Demonstration of B-cell memory has largely been based on a rapid and strong antibody response to a dose of plain polysaccharide vaccine after priming with a conjugate vaccine (32,33,54). There are only limited data on the kinetics of immunological memory in high-risk groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming of Immunological Memory by Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children Unresponsive to 23-Valent Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccine

Rose

Schubert

Strnad

et al. 2005

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is of limited immunogenicity in infants and immunocompromised patients. Our prospective randomized controlled trial investigated whether priming with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) induced specific immunological memory in previously nonresponders to PPV. Of a total of 33 children (2 to 18 years) with polysaccharide-specific immunodeficiency (PSI), group A (n ‫؍‬ 16) received two doses of 7-valent PCV in a 4-to 6-week interval, and a booster dose of 23-valent PPV after one year. Group B (n ‫؍‬ 17) received two doses of PPV in a 1-year interval exclusively. Specific antibody concentrations for serotypes 4, 5, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F were determined (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) before and at 7 and 28 days after administration of the PPV booster and compared to an opsonophagocytosis assay. Of group A, 64 to 100% had antibody concentrations of >1 g/ml on day 28 after the booster versus 25 to 94% of group B. Group A had significantly higher antibody concentrations for all PCV-containing serotypes already on day 7, indicating early memory response. Antibody concentrations were in accordance with functional opsonic activity, although opsonic titers varied among individuals. Pneumococcal vaccination was well tolerated. The incidence of airway infections was reduced after priming with PCV (10/year for group A versus 15/year for group B). Following a PPV booster, even patients primarily not responding to PPV showed a rapid and more pronounced memory response after priming with PCV.

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A glycoprotein pneumococcal conjugate vaccine primes for antibody responses to a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Gambian children

Abstract: Vaccination of young infants with two or three doses of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine primes the immune system to respond strongly and rapidly on subsequent exposure to pneumococcal polysaccharide.

Cited by 76 publications

References 14 publications

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

Social Mixing with Other Children during Infancy Enhances Antibody Response to a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Early Childhood

Priming of Immunological Memory by Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children Unresponsive to 23-Valent Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccine

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