A gold nanorod-based localized surface plasmon resonance platform for the detection of environmentally toxic metal ions

Abstract

Gold nanorods (Au NRs) are elongated nanoparticles with unique optical properties which depend on their shape anisometry. The Au NR-based longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (longitudinal LSPR) band is very sensitive to the surrounding local environment and upon the addition of target analytes, the interaction between the analytes and the surface of the Au NRs leads to a change in the longitudinal LSPR band. This makes it possible to devise Au NR probes with application potential to the detection of toxic metal ions with an improved limit of detection, response time, and selectivity for the fabrication of sensing devices. The effective surface modification of Au NRs helps in improving their selectivity and sensitivity toward the detection of toxic metal ions. In this review, we discuss different methods for the preparation of surface modified Au NRs for the detection of toxic metal ions based on the LSPR band of the Au NRs and the types of interactions between the surface of Au NRs and metal ions. We summarize the work that has been done on Au NR-based longitudinal LSPR detection of environmentally toxic metal ions, sensing mechanisms, and the current progress in various modified Au NR-based longitudinal LSPR sensors for toxic metal ions. Finally, we discuss the applications of Au NR-based longitudinal LSPR sensors to real sample analysis and some of the future challenges facing longitudinal LSPR-based sensors for the detection of toxic metal ions toward commercial devices.

Recent Advances and Perspective on Design and Synthesis of Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metals

“…Metal nanoparticles and metal oxide‐based electrodes have been the subject of recent researches due to their specific physicochemical properties of enhanced diffusion of electroactive species, improved selectivity, catalytic activity, and higher signal‐to‐noise ratio, where cuprous oxide and bimetallic nanoparticles (iron with palladium, gold, silver, and platinum) were used ubiquitously. Nanomaterials based on gold nanoparticles have been tremendously used for the sensitive electrochemical determination of heavy metals . The determination of mercury with a detection limit of 80 p m and wide linear range of 0.4–4 n m has been realized with Au NPs as functional material on GC substrate .…”

Hyperlipidemic mice as a model for a real‐time in vivo detection of atherosclerosis by gold nanorods‐based diffusion reflection technique

“…The suspension of particles was scanned from 400 to 900 nm and two characteristic peaks at 525 and 660 nm were found ( Figure 1A). The absorption maximum at 660 nm represents the absorbance for the long axis and the maximum at 525 nm represents the absorbance for the short axis of the rods [44,45]. Transmission electron microscopic (JEM-1400, JEOL) images clearly showed our preparation resulted in the formation of rod-shaped particles of uniform size, around 45 × 18 nm ( Figure 1B).…”

Protection of silver and gold LSPR biosensors in corrosive NaCl environment by short alkanethiol molecules; characterized by extinction spectrum, helium ion microscopy and SERS

“…27,28 To promote its use, it is necessary to gain a good understanding of its behavior under various conditions likely to be encountered with biological specimen. 20,29,30 While biological specimen are complex media defying a simple description, one common difficulty is the presence of corrosive NaCl. In this paper, we will discuss how noble metal nanostructures can be protected in such environments.…”