“…Since mechanical equipment inevitably operates under friction, vibration, and shock, the vibration signals generated are often nonlinear and nonstationary [ 5 ]. The traditional method of Fourier transform [ 6 ] can only deal with linear and smooth signals, so the feature extraction of nonlinear nonstationary signals becomes an important topic in mechanical fault diagnosis. In fault diagnosis, extracting fault feature information [ 7 ] is very important [ 8 ].…”