A Green Approach Based on Reactive Extrusion to Produce Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Oat Hull

Debiagi, Flávia; Faria-Tischer, Paula C.S.; Mali, Suzana

doi:10.1007/s12649-020-01025-1

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This same band (1735 cm −1 ) was observed less intensely in the cellulose control sample (ECW), extruded without CA, and this can possibly be explained due to the thermomechanical treatment of cellulose during extrusion, and it could be attributed to the C=O group from the opened terminal glucopyranose rings, as observed by other authors [7] who obtained nanofibrillated cellulose using reactive extrusion. CI values observed for cellulose samples subjected to ultrasonication ranged from 44% to 45%, very close values to the observed for unmodified cellulose (43%).…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)supporting

confidence: 68%

“…TGA and DTGA curves are shown in Figures 3 and 4. It was observed for all samples a first degradation stage at 50-100 • C, which can be attributed to the loss of water or other low-molecular-weight compounds [6,7]. Samples modified by ultrasonication assisted processes also presented weight losses around 190 • C (Figure 3), and according to Kaya [49], the weight loss at temperatures between 20 and 200 • C is related to the loss of surface and inner moisture by evaporation for non-crosslinked samples.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The use of lignocellulosic residues such as wheat straw, rice hulls, soybean hulls, orange bagasse, corn hulls, corn fiber, and oat hulls to obtain cellulose can be an interesting alternative to valorize these materials, which generally contain about 20-50% cellulose, 20-30% hemicellulose and 20-30% lignin, offering great opportunities for sustainable production integrated with biorefinery processes to obtain bio-based materials [1,[5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reactive extrusion is considered an eco-friendly technique that can be used for chemical modification of polymers [7,33,35,37,38] since no solvent was involved during the process. Ultrasonication also can be considered a simple and convenient method for surface modification of cellulose [33,36], and in this study no toxic solvent was employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Modification of Cellulose from Oat Hull with Citric Acid Using Ultrasonication and Reactive Extrusion Assisted Processes

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to produce modified cellulose extracted from oat hulls by an esterification reaction with citric acid (CA) employing ultrasonication and reactive extrusion assisted processes. Modified samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wettability, oil and water absorption capacities, water adsorption capacity, and thermal stability. From FTIR results it can be observed a new band for all modified samples at 1735 cm−1, confirming the esterification. The morphology and crystallinity pattern of fibers were not affected by esterification, and crystallinity indexes ranged from 43% (unmodified cellulose) to 44–49% in modified samples. Both groups of samples, obtained by ultrasonication and reactive extrusion, showed decreases in water absorption capacities (1.63–1.71 g/g) compared to unmodified cellulose (9.38 g/g). It was observed an increase in oil retention capacity from 1.80 g/g (unmodified cellulose) to 4.57–7.31 g/g after esterification, and also the modified samples presented higher affinity by a non-polar solvent in the wettability test. The new properties of modified cellulose expand its use in the industry and prove that ultrasonication and reactive extrusion can be used to obtain esterified cellulose, being eco-friendly, simple, and convenient processes with short reaction times.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)supporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Modification of Cellulose from Oat Hull with Citric Acid Using Ultrasonication and Reactive Extrusion Assisted Processes

et al. 2021

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“…As previously reported by the same team that the optimal number of passes was 7, recent reports show that there is progress in reducing the optimal number of passes to save energy whilst maintaining CNF quality and strength through simulation and combination of existing extrusion designs [ 104 , 105 ]. As previously mentioned that the use of US energy is compatible and could further improve CNF yield, Debiagi et al [ 106 ] combined US with reactive extrusion to isolate CNF from oat hulls with 60% to 65% yield.…”

Section: Nanocellulose Isolation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Nanocellulose-Reinforced Rubber Matrix Composites: A Review

et al. 2021

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Research and development of nanocellulose and nanocellulose-reinforced composite materials have garnered substantial interest in recent years. This is greatly attributed to its unique functionalities and properties, such as being renewable, sustainable, possessing high mechanical strengths, having low weight and cost. This review aims to highlight recent developments in incorporating nanocellulose into rubber matrices as a reinforcing filler material. It encompasses an introduction to natural and synthetic rubbers as a commodity at large and conventional fillers used today in rubber processing, such as carbon black and silica. Subsequently, different types of nanocellulose would be addressed, including its common sources, dimensions, and mechanical properties, followed by recent isolation techniques of nanocellulose from its resource and application in rubber reinforcement. The review also gathers recent studies and qualitative findings on the incorporation of a myriad of nanocellulose variants into various types of rubber matrices with the main goal of enhancing its mechanical integrity and potentially phasing out conventional rubber fillers. The mechanism of reinforcement and mechanical behaviors of these nanocomposites are highlighted. This article concludes with potential industrial applications of nanocellulose-reinforced rubber composites and the way forward with this technology.

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Reactive Extrusion of Polymers

Tzoganakis,

Zhu,

Mai

2024

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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An extensive review of the polymer reactive extrusion (REX) literature is provided with emphasis on the use of twin‐screw extruders. Elements highlighted include innovative REX processes involving free radicals as well as catalytic reaction types. An effort is made to group all recent research activities into two broad categories. The first one includes applications of REX in the traditional area of polyolefin modifications while the second one covers numerous studies in the recently exploding area of multicomponent sustainable plastic products, including blends and composites.

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A Green Approach Based on Reactive Extrusion to Produce Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Oat Hull

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Surface Modification of Cellulose from Oat Hull with Citric Acid Using Ultrasonication and Reactive Extrusion Assisted Processes

Surface Modification of Cellulose from Oat Hull with Citric Acid Using Ultrasonication and Reactive Extrusion Assisted Processes

Recent Developments in Nanocellulose-Reinforced Rubber Matrix Composites: A Review

Reactive Extrusion of Polymers

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