A green approach to develop zeolite-thymol antimicrobial composites: analytical characterization and antimicrobial activity evaluation

Cometa, Stefania; Bonifacio, Maria Addolorata; Bellissimo, Annalisa; Pinto, Loris; Petrella, Andrea; Vietro, Nicoletta De; Iannaccone, Giuseppe; Baruzzi, Federico; Giglio, Elvira De

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09551

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Likewise, in another study, the antimicrobial action was verified through another system composed of clinoptilolite–zeolite clays loaded with thymol or carvacrol, which showed more extraordinary antimicrobial properties against E. coli and S. aureus . Inhibition was not only attributed to the release of monoterpenes but also to the enhanced activity, as new properties such as hydrophilia of the hybrids were introduced [ 54 ]. Moreover, the stability of nanomaterials as colloids is related to high values of ζ-potential (negatively or positively charged), promoting stability to the dispersion and, thus, improving bactericidal efficacy [ 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanohybrid of Thymol and 2D Simonkolleite Enhances Inhibition of Bacterial Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Free Radicals

et al. 2022

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Due to the current concerns against opportunistic pathogens and the challenge of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, alternatives to control pathogen growth are required. In this sense, this work offers a new nanohybrid composed of zinc-layered hydroxide salt (Simonkolleite) and thymol for preventing bacterial growth. Materials were characterized with XRD diffraction, FTIR and UV–Vis spectra, SEM microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. It was confirmed that the Simonkolleite structure was obtained, and thymol was adsorbed on the hydroxide in a web-like manner, with a concentration of 0.863 mg thymol/mg of ZnLHS. Absorption kinetics was described with non-linear models, and a pseudo-second-order equation was the best fit. The antibacterial test was conducted against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus strains, producing inhibition halos of 21 and 24 mm, respectively, with a 10 mg/mL solution of thymol–ZnLHS. Moreover, biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibition was tested, with over 90% inhibition. Nanohybrids exhibited antioxidant activity with ABTS and DPPH evaluations, confirming the presence of the biomolecule in the inorganic matrix. These results can be used to develop a thymol protection vehicle for applications in food, pharmaceutics, odontology, or biomedical industries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanohybrid of Thymol and 2D Simonkolleite Enhances Inhibition of Bacterial Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Free Radicals

et al. 2022

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“…The sustained release reached equilibrium within 1 h (data not shown). Cometa et al (2022) and Liu et al (2019) also reported that thymol was released in a sustained manner from zeolite 4A and UiO-66-NH 2 , respectively, with decreasing release rates over time. However, in contrast with the study of Cometa et al (2022) on thymol loading in zeolite 4A by grinding, XRD patterns showed that thymol was well-encapsulated in MOFs and zeolite, as indicated by the absence of thymol crystals in the diffractograms (Fig.…”

Section: Sustained Release Of Volatile Thymol From Mofs/zeolitementioning

confidence: 88%

Encapsulation of thymol and limonene in metal–organic frameworks for inhibition of Colletotrichum musae growth

Zuniega,

Grabulos,

Lebrun

et al. 2023

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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SummaryMonoterpenes are the most prevalent compounds found in essential oils. They exhibit inhibitory actions against phytopathogenic postharvest fungi. Direct application limits their effectiveness due to their instability, high volatility, hydrophobicity and susceptibility to degradation. Encapsulation systems using metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed to maximize their use. In this study, four protocols were shown to encapsulate thymol and limonene in porous solids, such as ZIF‐8, UiO‐66‐(COOH)2 and zeolite 13X. Vaporization and diffusion at 60 °C for 16 h was found to be the most efficient encapsulation process. A larger amount of thymol than limonene was loaded in the porous solids. Thymol released from MOFs slowed down the growth of Colletotrichum musae by up to 6 days at 25 °C. There was a sustained release of thymol even beyond the period of maximum fungal growth. This proof‐of‐concept study revealed the potential utility of MOFs as a carrier of thymol against postharvest fungi.

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“…Candida albicans has been used as a model of yeast that is resistant to preservatives, and Aspergillus niger is related to deodorant contaminations and degradation [ 52 ]. These micro-organisms are also frequent contaminants of food, sanitary devices, mucous membranes, and different surfaces [ 129 ].…”

Section: Essential Oils Encapsulated In Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zeolite-thymol composites obtained through wet, semi-dry, and dry processes were developed and characterized [ 129 ]. The antimicrobial activity of the most promising formulation (dry approach) was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Candida albicans species.…”

Section: Essential Oils Encapsulated In Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antimicrobial activity of the most promising formulation (dry approach) was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Candida albicans species. All the strains were completely suppressed at 75 mM thymol, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa , in which a bacteriostatic effect was observed [ 129 ]. The encapsulated triplal in ion-exchanged and non-ion-exchanged zeolite X showed antibacterial as well as antifungal activities against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger [ 130 ].…”

Section: Essential Oils Encapsulated In Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential Oils Encapsulated in Zeolite Structures as Delivery Systems (EODS): An Overview

et al. 2022

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Essential oils (EO) obtained from plants have proven industrial applications in the manufacturing of perfumes and cosmetics, in the production and flavoring of foods and beverages, as therapeutic agents in aromatherapy, and as the active principles or excipients of medicines and pharmaceutics due to their olfactory, physical-chemical, and biological characteristics. On behalf of the new paradigm of a more natural and sustainable lifestyle, EO are rather appealing due to their physical, chemical, and physiological actions in human beings. However, EO are unstable and susceptible to degradation or loss. To tackle this aspect, the encapsulation of EO in microporous structures as zeolites is an attractive solution, since these host materials are cheap and non-toxic to biological environments. This overview provides basic information regarding essential oils, including their recognized benefits and functional properties. Current progress regarding EO encapsulation in zeolite structures is also discussed, highlighting some representative examples of essential oil delivery systems (EODS) based on zeolites for healthcare applications or aromatherapy.

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A green approach to develop zeolite-thymol antimicrobial composites: analytical characterization and antimicrobial activity evaluation

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Nanohybrid of Thymol and 2D Simonkolleite Enhances Inhibition of Bacterial Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Free Radicals

Nanohybrid of Thymol and 2D Simonkolleite Enhances Inhibition of Bacterial Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Free Radicals

Encapsulation of thymol and limonene in metal–organic frameworks for inhibition of Colletotrichum musae growth

Essential Oils Encapsulated in Zeolite Structures as Delivery Systems (EODS): An Overview

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