A green process for phosphorus recovery from spent LiFePO4 batteries by transformation of delithiated LiFePO4 crystal into NaFeS2

Emerging green technologies for recovery and reuse of spent lithium-ion batteries – a review

“…For example, under the combined action of H 2 O 2 and acetic acid, the leaching rate of Li can reach more than 95%. 141 Oxalic acid is much more acidic than acetic acid (10 000 times), which can easily achieve the leaching of excessive metals such as Co (Fig. 8c).…”

A sustainable strategy for spent Li-ion battery regeneration: microwave-hydrothermal relithiation complemented with anode-revived graphene to construct a LiFePO4/MWrGO cathode material

“…The use of graphene to construct a hierarchical composite structure can help to ameliorate the electronic conductivity, Li-ion diffusion, and performance at high rates. Though recycling techniques for spent LFP cathodes including lithium salt extraction, 5,8,11,12,26,34 lithium replenishment, 14,22,24,27 and modication by carbon coating 22 have been reported in the literature, reports on directly regenerating LFP cathodes complemented with anode-revived graphene doping are scarce, which has motivated this study.…”

“…These advantages have contributed to their ever-expanding production, 1,2 catering to a market demand of approximately 439 GW h. 3 According to estimates, millions of tons of spent LFP battery packs are discarded aer 3-10 years of service life. 4,5 Unfortunately, in contrast to the ery situation at the upstream manufacturing end, most of these LFP batteries have been excluded from the Li-ion battery recycling market owing to the low revenue from Li recycling alone. Non-or improper disposal of batteries contributes to phosphorus, uorine, metal, and organic pollution and other ecological environmental damage, and hence sustainable recycling strategies with zero pollution and a better return are warranted.…”

NaOH-Assisted Roasting for Corecovery of Spent LiFePO4 and LiCoO2 Batteries

“…The enactment of policies related to carbon neutrality in worldwide countries has promoted the development of the clean energy industry. , Energy storage is an indispensable part of the utilization of clean energy . Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied in the field of electricity storage because of the advantages of high energy density and cycle stability. , However, the large-scale production of LIBs will inevitably bring two challenges: (1) the lack of mineral resources for LIBs and (2) the treatment and disposal of mass end-of-life LIBs. , Conversely, the recycling of LIBs can not only reduce environmental hazards but also alleviate the shortage of resources. , Therefore, there is an urgent need for economic, environmental, and efficient recycling and disposal of spent LIBs.…”