A green synthesis and antibacterial activity of ferrocene-based thiazole derivatives in choline chloride/glycerol eutectic solvent

Abstract

A green and effective Hantzsch thiazole synthesis of structurally intriguing ferrocene-based derivatives employing the eutectic mixture choline chloride/glycerol (1 : 2 molar ratio) as a sustainable solvent is described.

An Overview of the Structure–Activity Relationship in Novel Antimicrobial Thiazoles Clubbed with Various Heterocycles (2017–2023)

“…Zhao et al reported the design of a novel series of antimicrobial thiazole clubbed with either indole or carbazole hybrid compounds, containing a ferrocene scaffold ( Figure 41 ) [ 70 ].…”

“…Antibacterial activity was assayed against S. aureus , E. coli , and P. aeruginosa , using ciprofloxacin as a reference (MIC = 15.625 µg/mL). Only three compounds ( 204 – 206 ) showed good activity against E. coli (MIC = 31.25 µg/mL), while the activities against the other strains were poor (MICs = 125–250 µg/mL) [ 70 ].…”

Emerging green synthetic routes for thiazole and its derivatives: Current perspectives

“…Zhao et al [118] investigated a synthetic route for N-4ferrocenylthiazol-2-amines using repurposed and biodegradable with DES and promotes the loss of water to furnish the final product (Figure 16).…”

“…[bbim]BF -RT 10-20 min 87-96 [105] 2 ---10-15 min 82-85 [106] 3 -Water 80 2.2 h 58-77 [107] 4 -Water 80-120 2-3 h 94 [108] 5 Asparagine DMSO 60-90 4 h 87-95 [109] 6 -ChCl/U 70 45-80 min 90-97 [110] 7 --RT 10 min 77-90 [111] 8 -Toluene 90 Overnight 12-30 [112] 9 Silica-gel/sulfuric acid -120 3 h 81-91 [113] 10 TPA-SiO -110 3-5 min 60-97 [114] 11 --RT 5 min 95 [115] 12 Iron salt DMF 60 6 h 84 [116] 13 Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -(Imine-Thiazole)-Cu (OAc) and K 2 CO 3 DMSO 120 12 h 98 [117] 14 -ChCl/Gly 85 -74-91 [118] 15 DMU:TA and citric acid:DMU --0.5-3 h 84-97 [119] 16 Pd/POL-dppm PhCl 60 1 h 52-92 [120] 17 Pd/POL-dppm CH 3 CN 60-75 13 h 42-87 [120] Abbreviations: ChCl/Gly, choline chloride/glycerol; ChCl/U, choline chloride/urea; DMF, dimethylformamide; DMU:TA, N,N′-DES-dimethyl urea:L-(+)tartaric acid; Pd/POL-dppm, palladium-metallated porous organic polymers.…”

Visible-light-induced C–S bond formation in the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles through cascade difunctionalization of acetophenone: a greener approach

“…Wang et al 32 reported an asymmetric decarboxylation [4 + 1] cycloaddition using sulfur ylide with good yields and high selectivity. Yang et al developed a novel technique for CAC and CAH insertion in the area of photochemistry, 33,34 which could also carry out photochemical rearrangement processes.…”