“…In a metaanalysis of 37 research projects, Rehse and Pukrop found an overall medium effect on the improvement of quality of life among the cancer patients due to intervention (Rehse & Pukrop, 2003). Chan et al 17 Specifically, psychosocial interventions were found to result in decreased depression (Fawzy, Cousins, Fawzy, Kemeny, Elashoff, & Morton, 1990;Hosaka, Tokuda, Sugiyama, Hirai, & Okuyama, 2000), reduced psychological distress and anxiety (Greer et al, 1992;Taylor, Lamdan, Siegel, Shelby, Moran-Klimi, & Hrywna, 2003), lowered helplessness and improved mood (Edelman, Bell, & Kidman, 1999;Edelman, Craig, & Kidman, 2000;Fawzy et al, 1990;Hosaka et al, 2000), enhanced self-esteem (Edelman et al, 1999), changed life-style (Feigin et al, 2000), improved coping skills (Fawzy et al, 1990;Fawzy, Fawzy, & Canada, 2001;Roberts, Black, & Todd, 2002), enhanced perceived control (Sandgren & McCaul, 2003), and improved relationships with significant others and doctors (Feigin et al, 2000;Roberts et al, 2002).…”