A Guide for Monitoring Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Ertem, İlgi Öztürk; Doğan, Derya Gümüş; Gok, C. G.; Kizilates, Sevim U; Caliskan, Ayliz; Atay, Gülsüm; Vatandaş, Nilgün; Karaaslan, Tuğba; Başkan, Semih; Cicchetti, Domenic V.

doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1771

Cited by 90 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…2; information in this period. The finding that is the fact that health personnel does not have sufficient information about monitoring the development of children, early education and family support is in line with the previous literature (Ertem, 2005;Ertem, Doğan, Gök, Kızılateş, Çalışkan, Atay, & Cicchetti, 2008). However, early intervention services advocate that children aged 0-36 months will reach health, nutrition and development support as early as possible, strengthen their families and regulate the environment in which their children live with their families (Guralnick, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The Quality of Mainstreaming in Preschool: The Views of Parents of Children with Down Syndrome

Kayhan¹,

Özaydın²

2017

JEL

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Down syndrome (DS), one of the developmental (cognitive) deficits, is the most common syndrome that arises from genetic disorders. The mothers of children with DS who encounter the most intense emotional situations since the tendency to take responsibility the children's care and development usually belongs them. Among these intensive feelings, mothers are also responsible for providing needs, such as special education support, searching for a suitable preschool institution to accept their children, and access to specialists who can understand their medical needs. This case study aims to investigate the opinions of the mothers whose children with DS aged between 36-72 months were attending preschool. The data were collected using semi-structured interview techniques in three different preschool institutions where the mainstreaming was carried out in the district center of Gaziantep, Şahinbey. Interviews were conducted with five mothers whose DS children went to the preschool institution in the spring semester during 2015-2106 academic year. Descriptive and content qualitative analyses were used to analyze the data. The findings regarding the opinions of the mothers of DS children on the quality of the mainstreaming practices revealed the following salient themes: Early experiences before mainstreaming, quality of mainstreaming at preschool and inclusion. The findings showed that inclusion practices have not been adopted in mainstreaming practices in our country; therefore, the most reliable sources mothers preferred to follow was the experienced families who had children with DS in the preschool.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The Quality of Mainstreaming in Preschool: The Views of Parents of Children with Down Syndrome

Kayhan¹,

Özaydın²

2017

JEL

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“…An observational trainer guide developed specifically for this purpose was used. 33,42 Practicum continued until all clinicians were rated as totally competent in administering the Guide for Monitoring Child Development and CCD. Trainers recorded the number of practice cases needed to acquire the skills.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Training for skills for counseling caregivers related to child development was based on the World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund Care for Child Development Intervention 41 model, which was expanded to include specific concepts related to mental health and emotional development as well as cognitive development. 42 Training for developmental monitoring was done using the Guide for Monitoring Child Development, 42 which has been developed as a standardized instrument specifically to enable clinicians in low-and middle-income countries to monitor child development and identify developmental difficulties early.…”

Section: Development Of the Training Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Early Childhood Development in Primary Health Care: Experience from a Middle-Income Country

Ertem¹,

Pekcici²,

Gok³

et al. 2009

Journal of Developmental &Amp; Behavioral Pediatrics

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In Turkey and potentially other countries with similar health systems, short-term inservice training on child development can improve primary health providers' knowledge, perceived competence and skills related to child development. To decrease the disparities between high- and low- and middle-income countries in addressing child development, significant barriers within health systems need to be identified and addressed.

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“…Further efforts are needed to be able to appropriately translate the findings of a developmental screening into direct intervention in settings such as Rwanda where no locally validated tools exist [18]. Some promising tools have emerged that were designed specifically for easy assessment and intervention in low- and middle-income countries including the International Guide for Monitoring Child Development [40] and the Caregiver-Reported Early Childhood Development Index (CREDI) [41], which could be more appropriate but require additional study for feasibility in the PDC. In the meantime, a play and communication module has been introduced more recently into the protocol and provider training in order to help boost the developmental assessment and intervention skills of PDC providers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective review of the Pediatric Development Clinic implementation: a model to improve medical, nutritional and developmental outcomes of at-risk under-five children in rural Rwanda

Ngabireyimana

Mutaganzwa²,

Kirk³

et al. 2017

matern health, neonatol and perinatol

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BackgroundAs more high-risk newborns survive the neonatal period, they remain at significant medical, nutritional, and developmental risk. However, no follow-up system for early intervention exists in most developing countries. In 2014, a novel Pediatric Development Clinic (PDC) was implemented to provide comprehensive follow-up to at-risk under-five children, led by nurses and social workers in a district hospital and surrounding health centers in rural Rwanda.MethodsAt each PDC visit, children undergo clinical/nutritional assessment and caregivers participate in counseling sessions. Social assessments identify families needing additional social support. Developmental assessment is completed using Ages and Stages Questionnaires. A retrospective medical record review was conducted to evaluate the first 24 months of PDC implementation for patients enrolled between April 2014–December 2015 in rural Rwanda. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients and their caregivers were described using frequencies and proportions. Completion of different core components of PDC visits were compared overtime using Fisher’s Exact test and p-values calculated using trend analysis.Results426 patients enrolled at 5 PDC sites. 54% were female, 44% were neonates and 35% were under 6 months at enrollment. Most frequent referral reasons were prematurity/low birth weight (63%) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (34%). In 24 months, 2787 PDC visits were conducted. Nurses consistently completed anthropometric measurements (age, weight, height) at all visits. Some visit components were inconsistently recorded, including adjusted age (p = 0.003), interval growth, danger sign assessment, and feeding difficulties (p < 0.001). Completion of other visit components, such as child development counseling and play/stimulation activities, were low but improved with time (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIt is feasible to implement PDCs with non-specialized providers in rural settings as we were able to enroll a diverse group of high-risk infants. We are seeing an improvement in services offered at PDCs over time and continuous quality improvement efforts are underway to strengthen current gaps. Future studies looking at the outcomes of the children benefiting from the PDC program are underway.

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A Guide for Monitoring Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Abstract: The Guide for Monitoring Child Development is an innovative method for monitoring child development that is designed specifically for use by health care providers in low- and middle-income countries. Studies in Turkey provide preliminary evidence for its reliability and validity.

Cited by 90 publications

References 43 publications

The Quality of Mainstreaming in Preschool: The Views of Parents of Children with Down Syndrome

The Quality of Mainstreaming in Preschool: The Views of Parents of Children with Down Syndrome

Addressing Early Childhood Development in Primary Health Care: Experience from a Middle-Income Country

A retrospective review of the Pediatric Development Clinic implementation: a model to improve medical, nutritional and developmental outcomes of at-risk under-five children in rural Rwanda

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