“…If such information is available, it should be utilized to improve the estimates. While classical methods, such as the least square regularization method (Beck et al, 1985;Beck et al, 1996), the sequential function specification method (Alifanov, 1995;Beck et al, 1996;Blanc et al, 1998), the space marching method (Al-Khalidy, 1998), conjugate gradient method (Abou khachfe & Jarny, 2001;Huang & Wang, 1999), steepest descent method (Huang et al, 2003), and the model reduction algorithm (Battaglia, 2002;Girault et al, 2003) are vastly studied in the literature, and applied to the problems in thermal engineering (Bass, 1980;Osman, 1190;Kumagai et al, 1995;Louahia-Gualous et al, 2003;Kim & Oh, 2001;Pietrzyk & Lenard, 1990;Alifanov et al, 2004;Gadala & Xu, 2006), there are still some unsolved problems: The solution often shows some kinds of overshoot and undershoot, which may result in non-physical answers. Very high heat flux peak values such as those experienced in jet impingement cooling are normally damped and considerably underestimated.…”