The influence of viscous heating on the stability of Taylor–Couette flow is investigated
theoretically. Based on a linear stability analysis it is shown that viscous heating leads
to significant destabilization of the Taylor–Couette flow. Specifically, it is shown that in
the presence of viscous dissipation the most dangerous disturbances are axisymmetric
and that the temporal characteristic of the secondary flow is very sensitive to the
thermal boundary conditions. If the temperature difference between the two cylinders
is small, the secondary flow is stationary as in the case of isothermal Taylor–Couette
flow. However, when the temperature difference between the two cylinders is large,
time-dependent secondary states are predicted. These linear stability predictions are
in agreement with the experimental observations of White & Muller (2000) in terms
of onset conditions as well as the spatiotemporal characteristics of the secondary
flow. Nonlinear stability analysis has revealed that over a broad range of operating
conditions, the bifurcation to the time-dependent secondary state is subcritical, while
stationary states result as a consequence of supercritical bifurcation. Moreover, the
supercritically bifurcated stationary state undergoes a secondary bifurcation to a
time-dependent flow. Overall, the structure of the time-dependent state predicted by the
analysis compares very well with the experimental observations of White & Muller
(2000) that correspond to slowly moving vortices parallel to the cylinder axis. The
significant destabilization observed in the presence of viscous heating arises as the
result of the coupling of the perturbation velocity and the base-state temperature
gradient that gives rise to fluctuations in the radial temperature distribution. Due to
the thermal sensitivity of the fluid these fluctuations greatly modify the fluid viscosity
and reduce the dissipation of disturbances provided by the viscous stress terms in the
momentum equation.