A Handbook of Soil Terminology, Correlation and Classification

Krasilnikov, Pavel; Marti, Juan-Jose Ibanez; Arnold, R. W.; Шоба, С. А.

doi:10.4324/9781849774352

Cited by 91 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…According to the soil profiles established in the study site, the soil depth varies along a slight topographic gradient (Supplementary Materials 1), deep (250 cm) at the lower elevations and shallow (70 cm) nearer the ridge. In the lower elevation parts of the site, the soil type is brown forest soil with clay illuviation (Luvisol), while in the upper parts it is Rendzic Leptosol [52]. The soils are slightly acidic (pH of the 0-20 cm layer is 4.6 ± 0.2).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Short-Term Effects of Experimental Forestry Treatments on Site Conditions in an Oak–Hornbeam Forest

Kovács

Tinya

Guba

et al. 2018

Forests

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Forest management alters forest site; however, information is still limited about how different silvicultural treatments modify abiotic conditions. We compared the effects of four treatments from three different forestry systems on forest microclimate, litter, and soil conditions. The clear-cutting, retention tree group, preparation cutting, and gap-cutting treatments were experimentally established in a European oak-dominated forest, following a complete block design with six replicates. In this study, we show the results of the quantitative analyses of 21 variables, one year after the interventions. Strong treatment effects were observed for the microclimate and litter variables, whereas the soil characteristics remained similar. The increase in light was the highest in the clear-cuts with intermediate effects in the gap-cuts. The means and variances of the air and soil temperature as well as the vapor pressure deficit were the highest for the clear-cutting treatment. An increase in soil moisture, litter pH, and litter moisture was significant in the gap-cuts and, to a smaller extent, in the clear-cuts. The soil pH increased in the retention tree groups. Microclimatic differences between the treatments were the largest during the summer, which demonstrates the buffering effect of the canopy. Our study confirms that less intensive and more spatially heterogeneous silvicultural treatments (e.g., gap-cutting) preserve a stable below-canopy microclimate more effectively. These results can support and might be useful for both forest management and conservation planning.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Short-Term Effects of Experimental Forestry Treatments on Site Conditions in an Oak–Hornbeam Forest

Kovács

Tinya

Guba

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…The emphasis of particular soil properties 449 deemed important by the soil expert has remained a common theme for soil classification systems 450 (Krasilnikov and Arnold, 2009). When Dokuchaev's zonal classification gained acceptance, most soil 451 geographers were using agrogeology style classification systems as a guide for creating their medium 452 cartographic scale soil maps.…”

Section: Early Struggles 446mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of soil geography in the context of scale

Miller

Schaetzl

2016

Geoderma

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We review historical soil maps from a geographical perspective, in contrast to the more traditional temporal-historical perspective. Our geographical approach examines and compares soil maps based on their scale and classification system. To analyze the connection between scale in historical soil maps and their associated classification systems, we place soil maps into three categories of cartographic scale. We then examine how categories of cartographic scale correspond

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“…Drainage for non-US sites was determined either via contacting individual authors or by soil classification. Soil classification was determined by the referenced literature, and all sites were converted to one of the World Reference Base Group and US Soil Classification Group equivalents using Krasilnikov et al (2009 …”

Section: Studies Published Before December Of 2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do cover crops increase or decrease nitrous oxide emissions? A meta-analysis

Basche¹,

Miguez²,

Kaspar³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

313

227

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There are many environmental benefits to incorporating cover crops into crop rotations, such as their potential to decrease soil erosion, reduce nitrate (NO 3 ) leaching, and increase soil organic matter. Some of these benefits impact other agroecosystem processes, such as greenhouse gas emissions. In particular, there is not a consensus in the literature regarding the effect of cover crops on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Compared to site-specific studies, meta-analysis can provide a more general investigation into these effects. Twenty-six peer-reviewed articles including 106 observations of cover crop effects on N 2 O emissions from the soil surface were analyzed according to their response ratio, the natural log of the N 2 O flux with a cover crop divided by the N 2 O flux without a cover crop (LRR). Forty percent of the observations had negative LRRs, indicating a cover crop treatment which decreased N 2 O, while 60% had positive LRRs indicating a cover crop treatment which increased N 2 O. There was a significant interaction between N rate and the type of cover crop where legumes had higher LRRs at lower N rates than nonlegume species. When cover crop residues were incorporated into the soil, LRRs were significantly higher than those where residue was not incorporated. Geographies with higher total precipitation and variability in precipitation tended to produce higher LRRs. Finally, data points measured during cover crop decomposition had large positive LRRs and were larger than those measured when the cover crop was alive. In contrast, those data points measuring for a full year had LRRs close to zero, indicating that there was a balance between periods when cover crops increased N 2 O and periods when cover crops decreased emissions. Therefore, N 2 O measurements over the entire year may be needed to determine the net effect of cover crops on N 2 O. The data included in this meta-analysis indicate some overarching crop management practices that reduce direct N 2 O emissions from the soil surface, such as no soil incorporation of residues and use of nonlegume cover crop species. However, our results demonstrate that cover crops do not always reduce direct N 2 O emissions from the soil surface in the short term and that more work is needed to understand the full global warming potential of cover crop management. Key words: cover crops-global warming potential-meta-analysis-nitrous oxideAgricultural soils account for 69% of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in the United States (USEPA 2013). This occurs because nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for agricultural production; N is added to soil as N fertilizer and manure, released from soil organic matter, and has high reactivity and mobility in terrestrial ecosystems (Robertson and Vitousek 2009). Fertilizer N recovery efficiency for major cereal production is less than 50% and even as low as 20% (Cassman et al. 2002), which potentially makes large quantities of N available for the biological processes that release N 2 O. Nitrous oxide, which ...

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A Handbook of Soil Terminology, Correlation and Classification

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

The Short-Term Effects of Experimental Forestry Treatments on Site Conditions in an Oak–Hornbeam Forest

The Short-Term Effects of Experimental Forestry Treatments on Site Conditions in an Oak–Hornbeam Forest

History of soil geography in the context of scale

Do cover crops increase or decrease nitrous oxide emissions? A meta-analysis

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