A Hardware-in-the-Loop Evaluation of the Impact of the V2X Channel on the Traffic-Safety Versus Efficiency Trade-offs

Bazzi, Alessandro; Blazek, Thomas; Menarini, Michele; Masini, Barbara M.; Mecklenbräuker, Christoph F.; Ghiaasi, Golsa

doi:10.23919/eucap48036.2020.9135714

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, numerous hardware constraints in HIL testing have yet to be resolved. mboxFurther, Chen S et al [13][14][15][16] used OBU and Electronic Control Unit (ECU) as part of a simulation platform to improve the efficiency of development and testing. Many algorithms such as trajectory planning and control were verified using these systems.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hardware-in-the-Loop V2X Simulation Framework: CarTest

Wang

Zhu

2022

Sensors

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Vehicle to Everything (V2X) technology is fast evolving, and it will soon transform our driving experience. Vehicles employ On-Board Units (OBUs) to interact with various V2X devices, and these data are used for calculation and detection. Safety, efficiency, and information services are among its core uses, which are currently in the testing stage. Developers gather logs during the real field test to see if the application is fair. Field testing, on the other hand, has low efficiency, coverage, controllability, and stability, as well as the inability to recreate extreme hazardous scenarios. The shortcomings of actual road testing can be compensated for by indoor testing. An HIL-based laboratory simulation test framework for V2X-related testing is built in this study, together with the relevant test cases and a test evaluation system. The framework can test common applications such as Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Intersection Collision Warning (ICW) and others, as well as more advanced features such as Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) testing and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) injection testing. The results of the tests reveal that the framework (CarTest) has reliable output, strong repeatability, the capacity to simulate severe danger scenarios, and is highly scalable, according to this study. Meanwhile, for the benefit of researchers, this publication highlights several relevant HIL challenges and solutions.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hardware-in-the-Loop V2X Simulation Framework: CarTest

Wang

Zhu

2022

Sensors

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“…Given the importance of short-range V2X and the testing of the related hardware, a number of proposals incorporating HiL have been put forward that specifically focus on this aspect. As an example, an evaluation of a safety application, specifically for intersection collision warning (ICW), is performed through a HiL platform called TRUDI in [9]; TRUDI, again relying on SUMO for the vehicular traffic, was designed to test multiple communicating devices adopting shortrange communication and does not seem suitable for the validation of the complete set of software and hardware of a connected and automated VUT. Additionally, it does not include long-range communications.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

CarLink: A Real-Time V2X Validation Platform for a Safe and Sustainable Mobility

Mafakheri¹,

gonnella²,

Masini³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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<div>In this article, we present CarLink, a new simulation platform with hardware-in-the-loop (HiL), designed and implemented to reduce the time spent on field tests through the emulation of a complex vehicular scenario in a controlled laboratory environment. Specifically, CarLink can simulate a generic traffic scenario and let each vehicle in it communicate with a vehicle under test (VUT), which is actually physically available HiL and equipped with long- and short-range wireless communication capabilities. Communication between simulated vehicles and the VUT is provided by an external management unit (EMU) that integrates the virtual world with the physical one. The architecture is also designed to allow the integration of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) testing for the validation of future connected and automated vehicles.</div>

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“…Computing the discrete Fourier transform of the time-variant channel impulse response (7), taking (10) and ( 9) into account, we obtain the Doppler-variant impulse response for stationarity region r,…”

Section: ) Rms Doppler Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors in [6] propose to represent a large vehicular communication network with an interference channel and a single TDL channel emulator. In [7] a hardware-in-theloop (HiL) simulation platform is proposed, where a traffic simulator, a signal generator and a TDL channel emulator are combined. In [8] physical layer abstraction techniques for IEEE 802.11p and LTE vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) based on a TDL channel model for system-level simulation are investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Vehicular Wireless System-Level Simulation

Dakic¹,

Höfer²,

Rainer³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Future automation and control units for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) will exchange sensor and kinematic data with nearby vehicles using wireless communication links to improve traffic safety. In this paper we present an accurate real-time system-level simulation for multivehicle communication scenarios to support the development and test of connected ADAS systems. The physical and data-link layer are abstracted and provide the frame error rate (FER) to a network simulator. The FER is strongly affected by the non-stationary doubly dispersive fading process of the vehicular radio communication channel. We use a geometry-based stochastic channel model (GSCM) to enable a simplified but still accurate representation of the non-stationary vehicular fading process. The propagation path parameters of the GSCM are used to efficiently compute the time-variant condensed radio channel parameters per stationarity region of each communication link during run-time. Five condensed radio channel parameters mainly determine the FER forming a parameter vector: path loss, root mean square delay spread, Doppler bandwidth, K-factor, and line-of-sight Doppler shift. We measure the FER for a pre-defined set of discrete grid points of the parameter vector using a channel emulator and a given transmitter-receiver modem pair. The FER data is stored in a table and looked up during run-time of the real-time system-level simulation. We validate our methodology using empirical measurement data from a street crossing scenarios demonstrating a close match in terms of FER between simulation and measurement.INDEX TERMS channel emulation, frame error rate, geometry-based stochastic channel model, systemlevel simulation, wireless vehicular communication

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A Hardware-in-the-Loop Evaluation of the Impact of the V2X Channel on the Traffic-Safety Versus Efficiency Trade-offs

Abstract: When citing, please refer to the published version.

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

A Hardware-in-the-Loop V2X Simulation Framework: CarTest

A Hardware-in-the-Loop V2X Simulation Framework: CarTest

CarLink: A Real-Time V2X Validation Platform for a Safe and Sustainable Mobility

Real-Time Vehicular Wireless System-Level Simulation

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