A hazard quotient approach for assessing the risk to non-target arthropods from

Campbell, Peter J.; Brown, Kate; Harrison, Elizabeth G.; Bakker, Frank; Barrett, Katie; Candolfi, M. P.; Cañez, V. M.; Dinter, Axel; Lewis, Gavin; Mead-Briggs, M. A.; Miles, Morgan P.; Neumann, Paul; Romijn, Kees; Schmuck, Richard A.; Shires, S.; Ufer, A.; Waltersdorfer, A.

doi:10.1007/bf02956443

Cited by 37 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Each winegrower provided two vineyards, one planted with cultivars susceptible towards powdery and downy mildew (e.g., Riesling, Pinot blanc) and one with fungus‐resistant varieties (e.g., Cabernet blanc, Regent), resulting in 16 vineyard pairs with different fungicide intensity but otherwise similar management (see Table S2). To display the acute toxicity of spraying regimes, hazard quotients for applied pesticides (HQ hereafter) were calculated by dividing the amount of applied active ingredients (g or mL per ha) by their corresponding contact acute median lethal dose (LD 50 ) 45 values for honeybees (μg or μL per bee) and summed over all sprayings of the sampling year for each vineyard (see Table S2). Contact acute LD 50 values for honeybees were obtained through the Pesticide Properties DataBase 46 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropods on grapes benefit more from fungicide reduction than from organic farming

Reiff

Sudarsan

Hoffmann

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Pesticides are considered main contributors to global arthropod declines and therefore may decrease the provision of ecosystem services such as natural pest control. Organic farming and cultivating pest‐ and disease‐resistant varieties can allow pesticide applications and their impacts on nontarget organisms and the environment to be reduced. We investigated the effects of organic versus conventional management and fungus‐resistant versus susceptible wine grape varieties on arthropod biodiversity and pest control of grape berry moths in 32 vineyards in the Palatinate region, Germany. Hazard quotients of applied pesticides were calculated for each vineyard. RESULTS The cultivation of fungus‐resistant varieties led to significantly reduced hazard quotients and in turn enhanced abundances of natural enemies, particularly theridiid and philodromid spiders. Unexpectedly, organic management resulted in higher hazard quotients than conventional management and reduced numbers of natural enemies, particularly earwigs. Pest predation rates showed no significant differences between grape varieties or management types. CONCLUSION Widespread benefits of organic management on arthropod biodiversity found in other crops were absent in our viticultural study region. This is likely due to the dominant role of fungal diseases in viticulture, which requires high numbers of fungicide treatments under both conventional and organic viticulture. Thus, fungicide reduction through the cultivation of fungus‐resistant grape varieties is one key element to fostering the abundance of arthropods in general and beneficial arthropods in particular. Beyond vineyards, this is potentially relevant in numerous other crop types. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropods on grapes benefit more from fungicide reduction than from organic farming

Reiff

Sudarsan

Hoffmann

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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“…At Tier 1, laboratory worst-case dose-response studies are performed (Grimm et al, 2001) and the in-and off-field ERA is performed using a Hazard Quotient (HQ) approach (Campbell et al, 2000;Candolfi et al, 2001). If the HQ is above a certain threshold value, unacceptable risk cannot be excluded and higher-tier studies and ERAs with the affected and additional species (one or two additional species depending if only in-field or also off-field risk is identified) have to be performed.…”

Section: Non-target Risk Assessment Of Chemical Pesticides: the Europ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving criteria to select arthropod species for laboratory tests to assess the ecological risks from cultivating arthropod-resistant genetically engineered crops

et al. 2013

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species should be representative of valued taxa or functional groups that are most likely to be exposed to the arthropod-active compound in the field; and (iii) Availability and reliability: suitable life-stages of the test species must be obtainable in sufficient quantity and quality, and validated test protocols must be available that allow consistent detection of adverse effects on ecologically relevant parameters. Our proposed approach ensures that the most suitable species are selected for testing and that the resulting data provide the most rigorous test of the risk hypothesis of no adverse effect in order to increase the quality and efficiency of ERAs for cultivation of GE crops.

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“…Therefore, DSI represents physiological selectivity, 11,27 whereas RQ is an indicator of the ecological risk imposed on the natural enemy by the applied insecticide. [27][28][29] 29 The determination of these indices subsidizes a recommendation of insecticides less toxic to natural enemies compared to the target pests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RQ requires knowledge about the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) calculated for the natural enemy and the labeled rate of the insecticide against the target pest. Therefore, DSI represents physiological selectivity, 11,27 whereas RQ is an indicator of the ecological risk imposed on the natural enemy by the applied insecticide 27–29 . The determination of these indices subsidizes a recommendation of insecticides less toxic to natural enemies compared to the target pests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation performance and survival of susceptible and pyrethroid‐resistant Eriopis connexa Germar (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to insecticides used in brassica crops

Lira

Nascimento

Barbosa

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Selective insecticides and insecticide‐resistant natural enemies are components of chemical and biological methods that can be compatible in an integrated pest management (IPM) program. Many insecticides that are labeled for treatment against insects in Brassica crops have lost their efficacy because of the development of resistance. However, natural enemies can provide an important role in regulating the population of these pests. RESULTS Survival of Eriopis connexa populations was >80% when exposed to insecticides, except for EcFM exposed to indoxacarb and methomyl. Bacillus thuringiensis, cyantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr and spinosad caused high mortality of P. xylostella larvae, but neither affected E. connexa survival nor its predation upon L. pseudobrassicae. Cyantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin and methomyl caused high mortality of L. pseudobrassicae, but did not affect E. connexa survival nor its predation upon P. xylostella larvae. According to the differential selectivity index and the risk quotient, chlorfenapyr and methomyl were more toxic to P. xylostella larvae than to E. connexa, whereas indoxacarb was more toxic to E. connexa. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the insecticides B. thuringiensis, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, chlorfenapyr, spinosad, azadiracthin and spiromesifen are compatible with insecticide‐resistant adult E. connexa within an IPM program in Brassica crops. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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A hazard quotient approach for assessing the risk to non-target arthropods from

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Arthropods on grapes benefit more from fungicide reduction than from organic farming

Arthropods on grapes benefit more from fungicide reduction than from organic farming

Deriving criteria to select arthropod species for laboratory tests to assess the ecological risks from cultivating arthropod-resistant genetically engineered crops

Predation performance and survival of susceptible and pyrethroid‐resistant Eriopis connexa Germar (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to insecticides used in brassica crops

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