A Helical Charge Simulation based 3-D Method for Calculating AC Stranded Conductor&amp;rsquo;s Corona Loss in the Corona cage

Liu, Yunpeng; Huang, Shilong; Liu, Shugang; Liu, Daran; Huang, Zhi-Cheng

doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0014.v1

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Furthermore, unlike homogeneous QDs, gradient alloyed QDs with funnel-shaped bands can simultaneously possess both a narrow band gap for broadening the light absorption range and a negative (positive) conduction band (valence band) edge for accelerating efficient photogenerated electron (hole) transfer from the QDs to the substrate to boost the reduction (oxidation) performances. 24 According to a previous report, 25 this quasi-type II energy-band structure of gradient alloyed QDs can significantly facilitate photogenerated electron−hole separation, and their superior performances related to hydrogen production, 26 pollutant degradation, 27 and photodetectors 28 have been confirmed in our previous studies. Therefore, it is worthwhile to assess the application of gradient alloyed QDs in photocatalytic lignin valorization.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Gradient Alloyed Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Lignin Valorization via Proton Coupled Electron Transfer

Liu

Lin

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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In the field of photocatalytic lignin valorization, simultaneously fulfilling the requirements of broad light harvesting and strong redox ability has been a key challenge for single binary quantum dot (QD) photocatalyst systems. In order to address the problem, gradient alloyed QDs with funnel-shaped energy structures have been developed. The gradient energy level increases the photon absorption range, while the periphery energy bands at the funnel edge are sufficiently wide to preserve effective redox capacity. In this work, the gradient alloyed QD photocatalyst along with proton donors have been employed in enhancing the efficiency and selectivity of β-O-4 bond cleavage in lignin, realizing yields of target aromatic products phenol and acetophenone to increase up to 70% and 65%, respectively. The mechanism of conversion from the ketone intermediate to target products and how to choose suitable proton donors have been systematically investigated. We propose a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) photocatalytic strategy through producing a Cα radical from ketone with the help of acid possessing appropriate bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) and strong electronic transmission facilitating ability. The knowledge acquired in this work is useful for designing photocatalysts and proton donors that can effectively cleave bonds in lignin via the PCET mechanism.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Gradient Alloyed Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Lignin Valorization via Proton Coupled Electron Transfer

Liu

Lin

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…A research [10] has shown that trait anxiety and positive in uence were important predictors of career decision-making self-e cacy. In the eld of nursing, most domestic researchers mainly focus on the curren situation and in uencing factors of job-seeking e cacy, and few studies focus on job -seeking e cacy and employment anxiety [9]. Furthermore, social support has a positive effect on coping with stress and thus, safeguards mental health [18].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finding a job is generally a stressful and challenging process, associated with discouragement, frustration and anxiety. Employment anxiety can lead to ineffective learning, performance, and unhealth outcomes [7][8].In addition, previous studies showed that job self-e cacy was a predictor of employment anxiety.among graduates [9][10]. Also, higher levels of job-seeking self-e cacy have been found to be positively associated with lower anxiety [11]However, there has been no study on the relationship between employment anxiety and job seeking e cacy among student nurse interns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employment anxiety and its relationship with student nurse interns’ social support and job-seeking efficacy : a path analysis

feng

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose This study was intended to explore the relationship of employment anxiety with student nurse interns’ social support and job-seeking efficacy. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from three tertiary hospitals in Hunan Province, China.Student nurse interns were recruited conveniently from March to May 2020, to complete a questionnaire, which included demographic information, occupation anxiety of college students, job-seeking efficacy of college students, and social support scale. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize sample characteristics, while Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship specified in the purpose of this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine factors that influenced employment anxiety of student nurse interns, and then these factors were included in a path analysis model. Results A total of 560 student nurse interns were issued questionnaires but only 534 questionnaires were completed. Finally, 494 valid questionnaires were included for analysis. The average ± SD total score of employment anxiety was 71.49±17.28, where SD denotes standard deviation. Job-seeking efficacy, social support, priority factors for finding a job and having received employment training had both direct and indirect impact on employment anxiety. Social support and having received employment training imposed indirect influence on employment anxiety by the intermediate variable of job-seeking efficacy. Conclusion The results showed that student nurse interns had a higher level of employment anxiety, which was mostly influenced by job-seeking efficacy followed by social support, and then priority factors for finding a job. Therefore, these results may suggest that nurse educators and managers should consider in strengthening the provision of social and psychological support to student nurse interns, in order to improve their job-seeking efficacy so as to alleviate their employment anxiety.

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“…The occurrence and intensity of corona discharges, and hence their losses, is affected by the following factors: The electric field gradient on the conductor surface [16,17], the conductor surface condition [6,18], weather conditions [19][20][21], the relative air density [22,23], the effect of water on the conductor surface [20,22], the average operating voltage of the line [19,24,25], the size of phase conductors [18,26], bundled conductor lines [5,12,16,17], the existence or not of shield conductors [27], the sag value of the phase and shield conductors [28], the line unbalance and the type of structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are other methods for the calculation of corona losses in transmission lines, such as Ryan and Henline [36], Carroll and Cozzens [18,37,38] and others, using different approaches. Peterson, in 1933, in a AIEEE discussion, proposed a formula for fair weather corona loss which has been become a classic part of the literature on the subject [28,[39][40][41]. However, these methods have two main disadvantages, the first one is that they perform the calculations in good weather conditions and the second is that they assume that the transmission lines are symmetrically transposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method to calculate corona losses for active conductors considering real transmission line unbalance

Llamo‐Laborí

Fuentefria

2022

The Journal of Engineering

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This paper shows the characteristics of an algorithm that calculates the corona losses of transmission lines. The line can have up to four circuits, with any configuration, with single or bundled conductors, and taking into account the line unbalance. This is achieved by modelling the lines in phase quantities, for active conductor, and calculating the corona losses for each one. The results are given per active conductor and average per bundle. In lines with several conductors per phase the results are given per circuit and a total one. These characteristics allow choosing the most convenient configuration and spacing for the conductor bundles, which will reduce and balance corona losses. The results found with this method show that the value of the losses calculated with the formulas with transmission lines symmetrically transposed is conservative. The configuration and the number of conductors per phase have a noted influence in the value and the asymmetry of the corona losses. In double circuit lines, corona losses can be reduced by changing the arrangement of the phases of circuit two in reference to circuit one, with the advantage that, at the design stage, those changes are costless.

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A Helical Charge Simulation based 3-D Method for Calculating AC Stranded Conductor’s Corona Loss in the Corona cage

Abstract: Corona loss generated from conductors is one of the important design factors on ac 21

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Gradient Alloyed Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Lignin Valorization via Proton Coupled Electron Transfer

Gradient Alloyed Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Lignin Valorization via Proton Coupled Electron Transfer

Employment anxiety and its relationship with student nurse interns’ social support and job-seeking efficacy : a path analysis

A new method to calculate corona losses for active conductors considering real transmission line unbalance

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