Abstract. In order to allocate the buffer capacity effectively and improve the availability of the production line, a buffer allocation method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and simulated annealing algorithm (SA) is proposed for the mixed asynchronous serial production line. It is considered that the production line includes series equipment and parallel equipment and the processing capacity of the equipment is not the same. On the basis of ensuring that the performance of the production line does not change obviously, the production line is transformed into a synchronous production line, and the availability model of the production line is established by analytic method. The SA algorithm is used to improve the PSO. The performance of the algorithm is validated and analyzed. At the same time, a concrete example is given to show that the buffer allocation method is feasible and effective.