A heuristic approach for lactate threshold estimation for training decision-making: An accessible and easy to use solution for recreational runners

Etxegarai, Urtats; Portillo, Eva; Irazusta, Jon; Koefoed, Lucien; Kasabov, Nikola

doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2019.08.023

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This accumulation in lactate reflects the shift from an aerobic to an anaerobic energy production system. Monitoring this shift constitutes an essential parameter to adapt athletes’ training in endurance sports ( Etxegarai et al, 2019 ). In our study, the blood concentration of lactic acid was found to increase significantly during exercise, showing the potential of our method to follow up athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Microsampling to Monitor Metabolic Profiles During Physical Exercise

Nix

Hemmati

Cobraiville

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Monitoring approaches and technical improvements are key factors to improve a sportsman’s health, training, and recovery after an injury. In this study, a targeted metabolomics approach using microsampling with hemaPEN® was developed to measure changes in blood concentrations of nine amino acids and four organic acids before, during, and after exercise. The aim of this research project was to investigate if a reliable monitoring of metabolite levels during sports activity can be achieved by collecting one drop of whole blood at different time points. A hemaPEN device is an easy-to-use and noninvasive microsampling technique designed to collect four accurate and precise blood volumes simultaneously (10.96 µl). Twenty healthy volunteers between 19 and 30 years of age were included in this study. Physical activity consisted in running as fast as possible 1,600 m after 400 m warm-up. One drop of blood was collected at five time points: before exercise, after 800-m running, after 1,600 m, and 30 min and 60 min after finishing the exercise. The influence of physical activity on metabolite levels was evaluated using two ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods. Analytical performance criteria such as metabolite stability, method precision, trueness, and accuracy were found to be satisfactory. Expected significant metabolic changes were identified for lactic acid, main TCA cycle intermediates, and some amino acids (e.g., creatinine, choline, and taurine). This preliminary study performed on a small cohort demonstrated a high interest of using microsampling for fluxomics analysis, not only to collect quickly and easily biological samples during sports events but also because it is much easier to store and to process the samples than classical plasma/serum samples obtained by venipuncture. The present results open new avenue for fluxomics analysis in the context of health care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Microsampling to Monitor Metabolic Profiles During Physical Exercise

Nix

Hemmati

Cobraiville

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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“…Etxegarai, Portillo, Irazusta, Arriandiaga, Cabanes (2018) from Spain have tried developing machine learning based LT prediction algorithm and validated with blood lactate LT estimation in recreational runners (Etxegarai et al, 2018). In addition, using heuristic approach, the same research group has developed an equation for recreational runners for LT workload estimation based on running speed reserve and initial running speed on treadmill during a GXT (Etxegarai, Portillo, Irazusta, Koefoed, Kasabov, 2019). These methods if further researched and validated would prove very useful for athletes and active individuals where expertise and facilities for LT estimation are not available.…”

Section: Noninvasive Lt Estimation (Lactate Related)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Newer Perspectives in Lactate Threshold Estimation for Endurance Sports – A Mini-Review

Krishnan¹,

Guru

Sabareeswaran

et al. 2021

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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Lactate threshold (LT) estimation in endurance sports continues to be a widely controversial field amongst sports scientists and students despite beyond 50 years of research. With the advent of technology and superior sensors, LT research has ventured into newer fields involving wearables and artificial intelligence. Still, there is a felt need to understand the focused areas of LT research and to guide the students, sports scientists and coaches. The main aim of this mini-review is to identify research categories in a descriptive manner and to synthesize broad themes for future research from latest literature. A comprehensive electronic search in three databases was performed including only original free full text research articles conducted in athletes and heathy subjects, published in English between 2016 and 2020 following PRISMA guidelines. Out of screened 466 articles, 14 articles were finally shortlisted as per inclusion criteria and the findings were summarized. Five research categories were identified and reviewed. To conclude, there is a need for consensus in Graded Exercise test protocols used, LT concepts validity #0#

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Comparative analysis of the lactate and urea changes in the athletes-archers urine under different physical and psychological loads

Sybil,

Svyshch,

Vynogradskyi

et al. 2024

VLUBS

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The qualified athletes training includes, in addition to physical training, also the improvement of the psychological state aimed at the formation of the athlete’s state of the readiness for competitive activity. Considering this, the search for non-invasive assessment methods for monitoring the physical and psychological activity of athletes is very urgent. Understanding this condition can help create methods and tools to adaption to the extreme conditions of such activities. According to the “clogging” theory, fatigue is an overtime accumulation of various metabolites (in particular, lactic acid, urea, etc.) in the body’s biological fluids. Therefore, the study was aimed at evaluating the impact of a specialized self-training technique under different psychological (training and official competitions) and physical (before and after physical exertion) states on the changes in urinary metabolite excretion of the archers. In the study, 16 young athletes (5 masters of archery and 11 candidates for master of sports) participated. Athletes were randomly divided by age and qualification into two groups: control (worked out according to the standard protocol) and experimental (auto-training methods were additionally used). The research was conducted under different physical (before and after training) and psychological (training (rest stage) and official competitions (start stage)) conditions. The subject of biochemical monitoring was the metabolites lactate and urea, which were determined in urine samples of archers taken according to the protocol before and after physical exertion during regular training and official competitions. The lactic acid concentration, as well as urea, in the urine of archers did not change during training sessions of sportsmen after performing physical activity of the usual type. That is, the use of the auto-training technique during regular training sessions does not affect the accumulation of the studied metabolites in the urine, which is probably due to the short-term use (one week) of the technique itself. With help of two-way ANOVA analysis, it was established that changes of the lactic acid concentration in urine are mainly due to physical (80 %) and psychological (3.6 %) loadings of athletes, and urea changes – the unaccounted factors (88.8 % on average). At the official competitions stage, after the auto-training method systematic application, a concentration of the lactate significant decreased by 9.7±0.4 % (р>0.95) in the urine of archers compared to controls after the usual physical exercises implementation. Under these conditions, the lactic acid level in the urine of athletes is mainly determined by the using of auto-training technique (68.2 %) and the psychological (6.4 %) load. It should be noted that the share of influence of the unaccounted factors for both athlete’s groups was moderate and amounted to 20.4 % on average. The urea level in the urine insignificant increased after training in both athlete groups, both during training sessions and during official competitions, and was also independent of the athletes’ use of auto-training technique. At the official competitions stage, after the systematic application of the auto-training technique, the concentration of lactate in the urine of archers significant decreased by 9.7±0.4 % (р>0.95) compared to the control group after performing the usual physical exercises implementation. Under these conditions of the Start stage, changes of the lactic acid concentration in the urine of athletes depend mainly by the using of auto-training technique (68.2 %) and psychological load of archers (6.4 %). It should be noted that the share of influence of unaccounted factors for both groups of athletes was moderate and amounted to 20.4 % on average. The urea level in the urine insignificant increased after training in both athlete groups, both during training sessions and during official competitions, and was also independent of the athletes’ use of auto-training technique.

show abstract

A heuristic approach for lactate threshold estimation for training decision-making: An accessible and easy to use solution for recreational runners

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Blood Microsampling to Monitor Metabolic Profiles During Physical Exercise

Blood Microsampling to Monitor Metabolic Profiles During Physical Exercise

Newer Perspectives in Lactate Threshold Estimation for Endurance Sports – A Mini-Review

Comparative analysis of the lactate and urea changes in the athletes-archers urine under different physical and psychological loads

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