A hierarchical carbon modified nano-NiS₂ cathode with high thermal stability for a high energy thermal battery

Abstract

Hierarchical carbon modification is used to improve the thermal/structural stability and specific energy of nano-NiS2 cathodes in thermal batteries.

High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathodes LiCu2O2 and LiCu3O3 Prepared by a Simple Solid Phase Sintering

“…Thus, it could be expected that the discharge performance of LiCu 2 O 2 would be more excellent than that of LiCu 3 O 3 . Thermal stability is one of the important indicators for thermal battery cathode (Jin et al, 2018;Luo et al, 2020). As shown in Figure 5A, LiCu 2 O 2 began to decompose to LiCuO, Cu 2 O, and O 2 at around 680 • C. The weight loss at 380 • C was about 1.81%, which was mainly caused by the decomposition of Li 2 CO 3 .…”

Recent Progress in Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

“…Zhou et al studied carbon-modified nano-NiS 2 based on the aforementioned nano-NiS 2 results. 23) In this study, single cells composed of a carbon-coated nano-NiS 2 / nano-NiS 2 cathode, an LiCl-LiBr-LiF electrolyte, and an Li-B anode were fabricated and evaluated. All components were fabricated into a pellet-type material using a powder compaction process.…”

“…25) It was confirmed that modification using carbon coating has a positive effect on electrochemical performance of CoS 2 18) and NiS 2 . 23) In this study, the solubility of NiCl 2 in the molten salt was evaluated using a contact angle measurement on the NiCl 2 cathode, which could be used to analyze wetting of the LiCl-LiBr-LiF electrolyte. These results indicate that the carbon coating could inhibit NiCl 2 from dissolving into the molten salt ( Fig.…”

“…The most commonly used cathode material to date is FeS 2 . In addition to studies on optimizing electrode fabrication using FeS 2 , [10][11][12][13][14][15] studies have been conducted on the use of materials such as CoS 2 , [16][17][18][19][20][21] NiS 2 , [22][23][24] NiCl 2 , [25][26][27][28] CuVO, [29][30] and others. [31][32][33] Masset et al cited the following key properties to be considered as cathode materials for thermal batteries: 4) • Redox potential: it should have a discharge potential that is compatible with the electrochemical window of the electrolyte in order to prevent oxidation.…”

Binder-Free Cathode for Thermal Batteries Fabricated Using FeS2 Treated Metal Foam

“…Thermal batteries are potential power sources for nuclear weapons and warhead missiles and are used in aerospace applications owing to their excellent mechanical properties, reliability, and low self-discharge characteristics (Guidotti and Masset, 2006;Kang et al, 2016;Jin et al, 2018). Cathodes of commercial thermal batteries are fabricated using transition metals such as FeS 2 , CoS 2 , and NiS 2 ; their anodes are fabricated with Li-alloys (Li-Si and Li-Al); and a eutectic mixture of LiCl-KCl, which exists in the molten state at the operating temperature of thermal batteries (∼500 • C), is used as the electrolyte (Guidotti and Masset, 2008;Masset and Guidotti, 2008a;Giagloglou et al, 2016).…”