A hierarchical classification approach for recognition of low-density (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in mixed plastic waste based on short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging

Bonifazi, Giuseppe; Capobianco, Giuseppe; Serranti, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.006

Cited by 89 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For plastics, a typical absorption peak is centered around 1215 nm, which is commonly referred to in other studies [13,40]. On a molecular level, this typical absorption characteristic of HDPE, LDPE and PP peak is due to the second overtone of Carbon-Hydrogen (C-H) stretching [42]. When a plastic sample is illuminated by light, specific atomic groups, such as C-H and Oxygen-Hydrogen (O-H) can absorb energy, resulting in a change of vibrational energy state.…”

Section: Spectral Analysesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Advancing floating macroplastic detection from space using hyperspectral imagery

Tasseron¹,

Emmerik²,

Peller³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Airborne and spaceborne remote sensing (RS) collecting hyperspectral imagery provides unprecedented opportunities for the detection and monitoring of floating riverine and marine plastic debris.However, a major challenge in the application of RS techniques is the lack of fundamental understanding of spectral signatures of water-borne plastic debris. Recent work has emphasised the case for open-access hyperspectral reflectance reference libraries of commonly used polymer items. In this paper, we present and analyse a high-resolution hyperspectral image databaseof a unique mix of 40 virgin macroplastic items and vegetation. Our double camera setup covered the visual to shortwave infrared (VIS-SWIR) range from 400-1700 nm in a dark room experiment with controlled illumination. The cameras scanned the samples floating in water and captured high-resolution images in 336 spectral bands. Using these resulting reflectance spectra as a baseline, a linear discriminant analysis was done to determine which wavelengths are more useful for discriminating between water and mixed floating debris, and vegetation and plastics. We then examined current Sentinel-2 and Worldview-3 satellite techniques, and the Normalised Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI) and Floating Debris Index (FDI) to determine why they work, and how they could potentially be improved. These findings could be used to enhance existing efforts in monitoring macroplastic pollution, as well as form a baseline for the design of future multispectral RS systems.

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Section: Spectral Analysesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Advancing floating macroplastic detection from space using hyperspectral imagery

Tasseron¹,

Emmerik²,

Peller³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…This method takes advantage of the phenomenon of different electrical permeability of separated plastics, which is an indirect measure of the ability of a given plastic to accumulate electrostatic charge on its surface as a result of friction with another plastic. This method of electrification creates the possibility of application of electrostatic separation for a wide range of materials, including poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polychloride vinyl (PVC) and high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) [23][24][25][26]. In the third stage, the mixture is separated in a strong electrostatic field depending on the size and polarity of the electrostatic charge accumulated on the surface of the separated polymer material [27].…”

Section: Electrostatic Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribo-Electrostatic Separation Analysis of a Beneficial Solution in the Recycling of Mixed Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) and High-Density Polyethylene

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the impact of selected parameters during the tribocharging process of shredded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) plastics on accumulated electric charge and electrostatic separation effectiveness. The accumulation of electric charge on surfaces of polymer particles as a result of their circular motion forced by the airflow cyclone container was investigated. The impact of the container material, time of tribocharging and the airflow intensity were experimentally examined. A container in which the particles of the considered polymers are electrified with opposite charges was selected. A high ability to accumulate surface charge on small particles of both polymers was demonstrated. The electrified mixed PET/PE-HD was subjected to a separation process. An electrostatic separator designed and constructed by the authors was used for to the separation. In turn, to assess the effectiveness of this separation, a dedicated vision system was used. Based on the result of the carried out tests, it has been assumed that the proposed approach’s effectiveness has been demonstrated by means of empirical validation.

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“…PE, the most used material for packaging, was not included for this study as previous research [22], Ref. [24] already demonstrated the feasibility of predicting the molecular weight and the melt flow rate (MFR) from NIR spectra.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Route to Circular Rigid Plastics

et al. 2019

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An innovative route for plastics recycling is proposed, based on a combination of a logarithmic sorting process and colour plus high-resolution near-infrared (NIR) sensors. Although counterintuitive, it is shown that such a technology could sort clean flakes from rigid packaging waste into a very large number of different plastic grades with modest sorter capacity, provided that the chosen sensor is able to differentiate correctly between any two grades of plastics in the waste. Tests with high-resolution NIR on single pixels of transparent flakes from different types and brands of packaging show that this is indeed the case for a selection of 20 different packaging items bought from shops. Moreover, the results seem to indicate, in line with previous research, that high-resolution NIR data can be linked to important physical plastic properties like the melt flow viscosity and tensile strength. The attraction of deep sorting of waste plastics with relatively cheap sensors and modest sorter capacity is that the present industrial practice of tuning plastic grades to specific applications could coexist with commercial high-grade recycling at high levels of circularity and low carbon footprint. Therefore, advanced recycling technology is likely to be a societal alternative to phasing out plastics for rigid applications.

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A hierarchical classification approach for recognition of low-density (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in mixed plastic waste based on short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging

Cited by 89 publications

References 30 publications

Advancing floating macroplastic detection from space using hyperspectral imagery

Advancing floating macroplastic detection from space using hyperspectral imagery

Tribo-Electrostatic Separation Analysis of a Beneficial Solution in the Recycling of Mixed Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) and High-Density Polyethylene

An Innovative Route to Circular Rigid Plastics

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