2002
DOI: 10.1177/107179190200900102
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A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Leadership Behavior: Integrating a Half Century of Behavior Research

Abstract: A major problem in leadership research and theory has been lack of agreement about which behavior categories are relevant and meaningful. It is difficult to integrate findings from five decades of research unless the many diverse leadership behaviors can be integrated in a parsimonious and meaningful conceptual framework. An emerging solution is a hierarchical taxonomy with three metacategories (task, relations, and change behavior). Confirmatory factor analysis of a behavior description questionnaire found mo… Show more

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Cited by 681 publications
(915 citation statements)
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References 55 publications
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“…Relation oriented leadership can create a stronger effect on employee motivation (both from job and leader motivation), comparing to task oriented leadership, which possesses a slightly stronger effect on leader performance. according to [20], [21], there are five specific relations oriented behaviors, which involve establishing an effective leadership style, including: a) Team building, b) consulting and delegating, c) Supporting, d) Developing, e) Recognizing. [22] proved that this leadership behavior would reduce employee turnover; moreover, [23] reported "the leadership behaviors of individualized support and intellectual stimulation resulted in higher levels of employee motivation".…”
Section: Relation Oriented Leadershipmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Relation oriented leadership can create a stronger effect on employee motivation (both from job and leader motivation), comparing to task oriented leadership, which possesses a slightly stronger effect on leader performance. according to [20], [21], there are five specific relations oriented behaviors, which involve establishing an effective leadership style, including: a) Team building, b) consulting and delegating, c) Supporting, d) Developing, e) Recognizing. [22] proved that this leadership behavior would reduce employee turnover; moreover, [23] reported "the leadership behaviors of individualized support and intellectual stimulation resulted in higher levels of employee motivation".…”
Section: Relation Oriented Leadershipmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This implicit assumption has been criticized by a number of scholars (e.g., Hunt & Ropo, 2004;Uhl-Bien et al, in press) -criticism warranted with even a cursory consideration of the situations and contexts leaders face on a daily basis. Consider, for example, the constituencies leaders may interact with: lower-level subordinates, key lieutenants, customers, suppliers, other leaders, their superiors, competitors, or even other organizational leaders -all of which may also interact with one another in some fashion (Mintzberg, 1973;Yukl, Gordon, & Tabor, 2002). If we also consider the complex cognitive tasks leaders must engage in, such as planning, forecasting and problemsolving, the contextual complexity increases nearly exponentially (e.g., Marta, Leritz, & Mumford, 2005;Mumford, Bedell-Avers & Hunter, in press).…”
Section: Complexity and Leadershipmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…15,17,18 The model includes a taxonomy of leadership behaviors categorized as relation-, change-, and task-oriented behaviors. 19 More specifically, relation-oriented behaviors include concerns for the provision of support, recognition, and encouragement of mutual trust and cooperation among team members. Change-oriented behaviors, on the other hand, focus on envisioning change, understanding the need for change, and encouraging efforts to implement change.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lastly, task-oriented behaviors involve organizing and planning work activities, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and following up on performance. 19,20 The use of all three types of behaviors contributes to effective leadership 2,15,17,19 for implementing CPGs. 15,18 Inspired by the study by Gifford et al and the model proposed, we developed a leadership intervention to support managers to implement national guidelines for stroke care in outpatient rehabilitation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%