A high‐capacity dual‐ion full battery based on nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosphere anode and concentrated electrolyte

Abstract

Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) are often criticized for their low discharge capacity and poor cyclic capability despite their inherent high working voltage, low manufacturing cost, and environmental friendliness. To solve these shortcomings, many attempts and efforts have been devoted, but all ended in unsatisfactory results. Herein, a hierarchical porous carbon nanosphere anode with ultrahigh nitrogen doping is developed, which exhibits fast ion transport kinetics and excellent Li + storage capability. Moreover, employing a concentrated electrolyte is expected to bring a series of advantages such as stable SEI for facilitating ion transmission, enhanced cycling performance, high specific capacity, and operation voltage. These advantages endow the assembled full DIBs with excellent performance as a super-high specific discharge capacity of 351 mAh g −1 and can be cycled stably for 1300 cycles with Coulombic efficiency (CE) remaining at 99.5%; a high operating voltage range of 4.95-3.63 V and low self-discharge rate of 2.46% h −1 with stable fast charging-slow discharging performance. Through electrochemical measurements and physical characterizations, the possible working mechanism of the proof-of-concept full battery and the structural variations of electrodes during cycling are investigated. The design strategy of novel battery system in this work will promote the development of high-performance DIBs.

Dual Function of the Third Component in Ternary Organic Solar Cells: Broaden the Spectrum and Optimize the Morphology

“…The 𝜋-𝜋 stacking distance between conjugated molecules directly affects the coupling degree of 𝜋 orbitals and the mobility of carriers. [143,144] According to Marcus theory, as the 𝜋-𝜋 stacking distance decreases, the degree of orbital coupling between adjacent molecules increases, which leads to an increase in transfer integral, ultimately resulting in improved charge carrier mobility. [145][146][147] In fullerene system, the intermolecular 𝜋-𝜋 stacking distance of fullerene molecules can be effectively reduced by introducing the third component to form hydrogen bonds with fullerenes.…”

Metal- and binder-free dual-ion battery based on green synthetic nano-embroidered spherical organic anode and pure ionic liquid electrolyte

“…The symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration peaks of C=O located near 1,742 and 1,769 cm -1 basically disappear after being completely charged [Figure 5A], and the characteristic peak of C-O appears near 1,270 cm -1 [Supplementary Figure 23]. Meanwhile, it is evident from the fitted high-resolution N1s spectra that N-S and N-F characteristic peaks appeared at 402 and 399 eV, respectively, after completely charged [Figure 5B and Supplementary Figure 24], indicating that C=O is reduced to C-Oand undergoes enolization with the inserted Pyr 14 + cations, while the emergence of S 2p and F 1s peaks is attributed to the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) by the decomposition of the TFSIanions [81][82][83] . After being fully discharged, the intensities of the C=O and N 1s peaks recover, and the C-O peak disappears, proving the occurrence of a reversible enolization reaction, whereas the S 2p and F 1s peaks are still present with essentially constant intensities, implying the establishment of a stable SEI.…”

Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc–Halogen Batteries: Fundamental Mechanisms, Research Issues, and Future Perspectives

“…[99] To address this issue, heteroatom doping is an effective strategy for improving the stability and active material loading in the carbon-based hosts by increasing the polar surface, thus providing more active sites for the host-guest affinity toward polyhalogen anion. [25,27,88,[100][101][102] Figure 4a illustrates the atomic bridging structure of metalnitrogen-carbon (B-Fe-NC) proposed by Zhang et al, which not only improves the anchoring capacity, but also enhances the electrocatalytic redox conversion of iodine. [103] Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, shown in Figure 4b, elucidate the differential adsorption of I 2 molecules on Fe-N 4 -C, N-C, and pure carbon surfaces.…”

“…[21][22][23] However, these layered cathodes face challenges such as cation dissolution, structural collapse, low conductivity, and complex reaction mechanisms. [24][25][26] Exciting breakthroughs are still anticipated in overcoming these obstacles. [27,28] On the other hand, halogen (Cl 2 , Br 2 , and I 2 ) based cathodes utilizing conversion reactions exhibit comparable redox potentials (Figure 1a) and significantly lower costs, enabling aqueous zinc-halide batteries (AZHBs) become promising candidates in EES devices.…”