Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have facilitated the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Sequenom-based SNP-typing assays were developed for 1359 maize SNPs identified via comparative next-generation transcriptomic sequencing. Approximately 75% of these SNPs were successfully converted into genetic markers that can be scored reliably and used to generate a SNPbased genetic map by genotyping recombinant inbred lines from the intermated B73 3 Mo17 population. The quantitative nature of Sequenom-based SNP assays led to the development of a time-and costefficient strategy to genetically map mutants via quantitative bulked segregant analysis. This strategy was used to rapidly map the loci associated with several dozen recessive mutants. Because a mutant can be mapped using as few as eight multiplexed sets of SNP assays on a bulk of as few as 20 mutant F 2 individuals, this strategy is expected to be widely adopted for mapping in many species. W ITH the availability of a sequenced genome it is feasibletoundertakechromosomewalking projects to clone genes responsible for mutant phenotypes (Alleman et al. 2006;Briggs et al. 2007;Menzel et al. 2007;Song et al. 2007) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) (Glazier et al. 2002;Korstanje and Paigen 2002;Salvi et al. 2007). However, it can be logistically difficult and time-consuming to map mutants with current technologies. A high-throughput system to map phenotypic mutants would be very useful in converting the wealth of phenotypic mutants into an understanding of the molecular basis.Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be converted into genetic markers that are scored in mapping populations using various high-throughput SNP-typing technologies ( Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important model organism with substantial economic value. In this species, SNPs occur at a rate of one per 28-214 bp (Tenaillon et al. 2001;Barbazuk et al. 2007). Using our 454-based SNP discovery pipeline, we identified .7000 putative SNPs, .85% (94/ 110) of which could be validated via Sanger sequencing (Barbazuk et al. 2007). Here, we report the analysis of 1359 of these putative SNPs. Approximately 75% of the tested SNPs could be converted into genetic markers, and only 3% were deemed to be false positives. These SNP-based markers were used to construct a genetic map that can be used to address diverse biological questions. Finally, we apply the combination of quantitative SNP typing and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) (Michelmore et al. 1991) to efficiently map phenotypic mutants.
MATERIALS AND METHODSGenetic materials: Using a high-throughput protocol (Dietrich et al. 2002) (Table S1, supporting information), the 25 non-B73 parents of the nested association mapping (NAM) population , and mutant and non-mutant pools of DNAs for BSA. For BSA, tissues from all mutant (or non-mutant) individuals from within the same F 2 family were pooled, and a single DNA isolation was performed or DNA was isolated from each individual and then equal amounts from each individ...