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High‐power microwave (HPM) sources are at the heart of an HPM‐directed energy weapons (DEWs) system. Based on recent defense news articles seen in online magazines such as The Warzone , it is becoming more and more apparent that in the future the survival of a nation may depend on its DEW capability. This chapter provides a brief synopsis of a wide range of microwave tubes which are used for the generation of HPM signals. The chapter starts with a brief introduction on DEWs and their applications followed by a discussion on the basic building blocks of an HPM system. The sections that follow contain generalized physics of operation, frequency range, and output power capability of the following HPM tubes: magnetrons, backward wave oscillators (BWOs), klystrons, traveling wave tubes (TWTs), gyrotrons, virtual cathode oscillators (VCOs), magnetically insulated line oscillators (MILOs), transit time oscillators (TTOs), split cavity oscillators (SCOs), and reltrons. Of all the microwave tubes, the magnetron has been discussed in a little more detail because of its rich history. References have been provided for readers who wish to gain further knowledge in each area.
High‐power microwave (HPM) sources are at the heart of an HPM‐directed energy weapons (DEWs) system. Based on recent defense news articles seen in online magazines such as The Warzone , it is becoming more and more apparent that in the future the survival of a nation may depend on its DEW capability. This chapter provides a brief synopsis of a wide range of microwave tubes which are used for the generation of HPM signals. The chapter starts with a brief introduction on DEWs and their applications followed by a discussion on the basic building blocks of an HPM system. The sections that follow contain generalized physics of operation, frequency range, and output power capability of the following HPM tubes: magnetrons, backward wave oscillators (BWOs), klystrons, traveling wave tubes (TWTs), gyrotrons, virtual cathode oscillators (VCOs), magnetically insulated line oscillators (MILOs), transit time oscillators (TTOs), split cavity oscillators (SCOs), and reltrons. Of all the microwave tubes, the magnetron has been discussed in a little more detail because of its rich history. References have been provided for readers who wish to gain further knowledge in each area.
High‐power microwave (HPM) sources are at the heart of an HPM‐directed energy weapons (DEWs) system. Based on recent defense news articles seen in online magazines such asThe Warzone, it is becoming more and more apparent that in the future the survival of a nation may depend on its DEW capability.This chapter provides a brief synopsis of a wide range of microwave tubes which are used for the generation of HPM signals. The chapter starts with a brief introduction on DEWs and their applications followed by a discussion on the basic building blocks of an HPM system. The sections that follow contain generalized physics of operation, frequency range, and output power capability of the following HPM tubes: magnetrons, backward wave oscillators (BWOs), klystrons, traveling wave tubes (TWTs), gyrotrons, virtual cathode oscillators (VCOs), magnetically insulated line oscillators (MILOs), transit time oscillators (TTOs), split cavity oscillators (SCOs), and reltrons. Of all the microwave tubes, the magnetron has been discussed in a little more detail because of its rich history. References have been provided for readers who wish to gain further knowledge in each area.
This article presents simulation studies of an L-band bi-frequency magnetically insulated line oscillator for its efficiency enhancement using a ridged-disk-loaded radio frequency (RF) interaction structure. The electromagnetic (EM) properties of the RF interaction structure implemented with conventional and ridged disk have been investigated with the aid of CST microwave studio suite. A comparative study between the EM properties of conventional slow-wave structures and ridged-slow-wave structures (RSWS) is presented. The impact of adding ridges at the tip of disks has been examined for its influence on the dispersion curve, phase velocity, and coupling impedance. The coupling impedance of the RSWS with ridged-disk-loaded vanes was found to be greater than that of the conventional SWS. Furthermore, influence on output power of the device is observed for different ridge's parameters. With the optimum dimension of ridge parameters, particle-in-cell simulation detects an high-power microwave at frequencies of 1.20 and 1.40 GHz, producing 3.8 GW of cumulative peak RF power with a conversion efficiency of 23.8%, when operated with a 420 kV input DC voltage and current of 38 kA.
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