A High‐Energy Density Li‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor Fabricated from Bio‐Waste Derived Carbon Nanosheets Cathode and Graphite Anode

Abstract

Hence, the quest for a single energy storage system equipped with both high energy and power characteristics along with good rate and stability seems insatiable. Early 2000s has seen the advent of Li-ion hybrid capacitors (LIHC) which conjugates a high-capacity anode capable of high charge acceptance with reversible Li-ion insertion and de-insertion and a high surface area porous cathode with efficient ion adsorption properties exhibiting electrical double layer charge (EDLC) storage behavior. [4][5][6] This coalesces of a battery-type anode with high energy density, and supercapacitor cathode with high power density is expected to integrate the complementary characteristics of these two devices. The charge storage mechanism in LIHCs is different from that of conventional batteries and supercapacitors. Upon charging the system above its open-circuit voltage (OCV), the PF 6 − and Li + ions from the electrolyte get adsorbed on the cathode and intercalate on the anode, respectively. However, when the system is discharged below its OCV, the de-intercalated PF 6 − ions gets desorbed on the cathode and the reverse process takes place during charging. [7][8][9][10] Various metal alloys, oxides, and carbon materials are explored as electrodes for LIHCs. Specific to the carbon-based anode counterparts, graphene, graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon nanofibers, etc., are studied. [11][12][13] The LIHCs with graphene//activated carbon (AC), graphite// AC, hard carbon//AC have shown 80-150 Wh kg −1 energy densities at 150-65 W kg −1 power densities. [14][15][16] One of the reports investigates the electrochemical performance of natural graphite, artificial graphite, and hard carbon as anodes for LIHCs. [16] Solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation is essentially required by the carbon anodes to protect the consumed electrolyte decomposition and continue Li-ion insertion and de-insertion. [17,18] In general, hard carbons are found to have superior initial irreversible capacity loss resulting from the energy consumed during the SEI formation. [19] Nevertheless, the hard carbons are also proven to have better rate capability and stability than other carbon anodes. In another report, the electrochemical performances of petroleum coke-derived soft carbon and graphite anodes were examined. The petroleum coke-derived soft carbon showed superior cycle stability similar to EDLCs while the graphite exhibited high charge storage properties. [20,21] The unaltered fact of high energy battery anodeThe Li-ion hybrid capacitor (LIHC) system explores the possibility of achieving both high energy and power density in a single energy storage system with an intercalation anode and capacitive cathode. However, to achieve a high power and energy-based system, the properties of the cathode electrode material are vital. Here, bio-waste plant stem-derived activated porous carbon is explored as a cathode for LIHC application. A specific surface area of 1826 m 2 g −1 , enhanced degree of crystallinity, and graphitization results for porous ca...

A High‐Performance Dual‐Carbon Na‐Ion Capacitor Fabricated from a Single Biowaste Precursor

“…And hence, in the following NIC, the capacitive and diffusive components were estimated by trasatti's analysis based on our previous study. [ 43 ] According to the power law, it is understood that the current (i) is proportional to scan rate (v). [ 44 ] where a , b are defined constants.…”

“…For the symmetric supercapacitor, the gravimetric specific capacitance was obtained based on the following equation [43] C sp,2E ¼ 2 Â…”

“…For the symmetric supercapacitor, the gravimetric specific capacitance was obtained based on the following equation [ 43 ] where “ m ” is the mass of a single electrode.…”

Recent advances in food waste-derived nanoporous carbon for energy storage

“…Moreover, micro-, and nanoporous carbon materials, characterized by their structural, chemical, and thermal stability, exhibit markedly improved cyclability and rate capability. To further harness the advantages of both high energy and power density, battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices have been developed, consolidating these attributes into a single device [ 47–49 ]. Additionally, a wide array of inorganic materials, including metal oxides, sulphides, nitrides [ 50–52 ], carbides, fullerenes [ 7 , 53–55 ], and phosphides, either alone or in conjunction with conducting organic polymers like polyaniline (PA), have been deployed in various energy generation and storage devices, diversifying the landscape of materials for these applications [ 56–63 ].…”

Lithiated Manganese-Based Materials for Lithium-Ion Capacitor: A Review

“…A list of current studies on various materials is provided in Table 1. N-doped carbon nanopipes//rGO 0-4 91% over 4000 cycles 262 9000 [6] B&N-doped carbon nanofiber//B&N-doped nanofiber 0-4.3 81% over 5000 cycles 220 22,500 [7] Graphite//graphene 2-4 97% over 3500 cycles 135 1500 [8] Commercial graphite//activated carbon 2-4.5 69% over 2500 cycles 125 69 [9] Li4Ti5O12//graphite 1.5-3.7 V 88% over 10,000 233 20,960 [10] Artificial graphene//Na0.76V6O15 1-3.8 V 70% over 5000 cycles 119 21,793 [11] Figure 1. Ragone plot-comparison of the performance of different energy storage devices.…”