A high molecular weight form of somatostatin-28 (1-12)-like immunoreactive substance without somatostatin-14 immunoreactivity in the rat pancreas. Evidence that somatostatin-14 synthesis can occur independently of somatostatin-28.

Patel, Yogesh C.

doi:10.1172/jci111178

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the pancreas contributes less than do either stomach or intestine (43,44) and as the amount of S-28 in rat pancreas and canine stomach are small and unlikely to be intermediates in the processing to S-14 (24,26), it is probable that neither of these organs are major sources of circulating S-28. This is in keeping with our findings in pancreatectomized patients in whom levels of S-28 and S-14/S-13 were similar to those of normal men during basal and postprandial phases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include somatostatin-28 (S-28), a 28-amino acid-containing peptide incorporating S- 14 at its COOH-terminus, S-14, and des-Ala S-14(S-13) (23). Because pro-S is processed to either S-28 or S-14 in different cells (24)(25)(26), it is plausible that they fulfill divergent roles. Their precise measurement has been hindered by the use of nonspecific RIA directed to the central region of S-14, precluding their independent quantification in native plasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulating prosomatostatin-derived peptides. Differential responses to food ingestion.

et al. 1989

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Prosomatostatin (pro-S) and its bioactive posttranslational products, somatostatin-14 (S-14), somatostatin-13 (S-13), and somatostatin-28 (S-28), were measured in human plasma by the use of immunoglobulins to the NH2-terminus of S-28 conjugated with agarose to separate them and, thereafter, by RIA with an antiserum recognizing the COOH-terminus of pro-S, and by specific RIA for the NH2-terminus of S-14 and pro-S. In healthy men, mean basal levels of pro-S were 4 pg equivalent S-14/ml; S-14/S-13 combined were 9 pg equivalent S-14/ ml; and S-28 levels were 16 pg/ml. After a 700-kcal meal, pro-S, S-14, and S-14/S-13 did not change, whereas S-28 levels doubled by 120 min and remained elevated for 240 min. To evaluate the origins of these peptides, their levels were compared in peripheral, portal, gastric, and mesenteric veins of anesthetized patients and in patients with total resection of stomach and pancreas before and after nutrient intake. The stomach and small intestine were sources of both peptides; however, most S-28 originated in the small intestine. These findings suggest that, in contrast to S-14, S-28 is a hormone and may modulate postprandial nutrient absorption and use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating prosomatostatin-derived peptides. Differential responses to food ingestion.

et al. 1989

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The distribution of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity in the monkey hippocampal formation

Bakst

Morrison

Amaral

1985

J of Comparative Neurology

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The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was studied in the hippocampal formation of the Old World (Macaca fascicularis) and New World (Saimiri sciureus) monkeys. Series of coronal sections were processed by the unlabeled second antiserum method using primary antisera which recognize somatostatin-28 (S309) or somatostatin-28(1-12) (S320). Neuronal cell bodies were more readily stained with antiserum S309 and were observed throughout the hippocampal formation. The most prominent accumulations of stained neurons occur in the hilar region of the dentate gyrus, in strata oriens and pyramidale of regio inferior of the hippocampus, and in the deep layers of the entorhinal cortex. Both antisera demonstrated extensive fiber systems which varied in density regionally in the hippocampal formation. Stained fibers were most prominent in the outer two-thirds of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, in stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus, in layer I of the presubiculum and in layers I, III, and V of the entorhinal cortex.

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An immunohistochemical characterization of somatostatin‐28 and somatostatin‐28_1–12 in monkey prefrontal cortex

Lewis

Campbell

Morrison

1986

J of Comparative Neurology

160

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The distribution of the prosomatostatin-derived peptides (PSDP) somatostatin-28 (SS-28) and somatostatin-281-12 (SS-281-12) was characterized immunohistochemically in the prefrontal cortical regions of both Old World cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and New World squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Comparison of staining with antisera specific for each peptide revealed that these antigens were segregated within immunoreactive neurons such that SS-28 was largely confined to the perinuclear region of the cell body whereas SS-281-12 was primarily found in axons and dendrites. The laminar pattern of immunoreactive fibers was similar in all areas of the prefrontal cortex. The most dense terminal arborization was in layers I, II, and superficial III. Deep III and IV were traversed by radial fibers that had little arborization. Layers V and VI contained both radial fibers and a moderately dense terminal plexus. Labeled fibers were less numerous in the white matter. There were marked regional differences in fiber density. Areas 12 and 24 had the greatest density of immunoreactive fibers, areas 9, 11, and 25 were of intermediate density, and areas 10 and 46 were the least dense. Most of the immunoreactive cells appeared to be multipolar or bitufted. They were found throughout all cortical layers and the white matter. The largest number were located in layers II, superficial III, and deep V and VI. There were also marked regional differences in cell body density, which paralleled the regional differences in fiber density. Area 24 (anterior cingulate) had the greatest density of immunoreactive cell bodies (148 +/- 14/mm2), area 9 was of intermediate density (109 +/- 13/mm2), and area 46 was the least dense (83 +/- 12/mm2). Our findings indicate that PSDP compose a complex and extensive cortical system that is largely or totally intrinsic. The substantial regional heterogeneity in density exhibited by PSDP-containing neurons has not previously been reported for an intrinsic cortical system. The laminar and regional innervation patterns of these fibers and cell bodies suggest that the PSDP cortical system may play an important role in the polymodal information processing that occurs in association regions of prefrontal cortex.

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A high molecular weight form of somatostatin-28 (1-12)-like immunoreactive substance without somatostatin-14 immunoreactivity in the rat pancreas. Evidence that somatostatin-14 synthesis can occur independently of somatostatin-28.

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Circulating prosomatostatin-derived peptides. Differential responses to food ingestion.

Circulating prosomatostatin-derived peptides. Differential responses to food ingestion.

The distribution of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity in the monkey hippocampal formation

An immunohistochemical characterization of somatostatin‐28 and somatostatin‐28_1–12 in monkey prefrontal cortex

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A high molecular weight form of somatostatin-28 (1-12)-like immunoreactive substance without somatostatin-14 immunoreactivity in the rat pancreas. Evidence that somatostatin-14 synthesis can occur independently of somatostatin-28.

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Circulating prosomatostatin-derived peptides. Differential responses to food ingestion.

Circulating prosomatostatin-derived peptides. Differential responses to food ingestion.

The distribution of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity in the monkey hippocampal formation

An immunohistochemical characterization of somatostatin‐28 and somatostatin‐281–12 in monkey prefrontal cortex

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An immunohistochemical characterization of somatostatin‐28 and somatostatin‐28_1–12 in monkey prefrontal cortex