A High-Precision Fast-Response Airborne CO2Analyzer for In Situ Sampling from the Surface to the Middle Stratosphere

Daube, Bruce C.; Boering, K. A.; Andrews, A. E.; Wofsy, Steven C.

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1532:ahpfra>2.0.co;2

Cited by 80 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Measurements of CO 2 play an important role in understanding the global carbon cycle and its contribution to the global warming (Bischof, 1962;Keeling et al, 1968;Tans et al, 1996;Heimann, 2009). In recent years, methane (CH 4 ) has received increasing attention as the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after CO 2 because of the high uncertainty of its sinks and sources (Houweling et al, 2006;Keppler et al, 2006;Miller et al, 2007;Frankenberg et al, 2008). Among the wide variety of platforms (from ground-based stations, towers, ships, aircraft and balloons to satellites) on which CO 2 and CH 4 measurements can be acquired, aircraft measurements are essential for observations in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere covering regional to continental scales.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…6). A detailed description of this NDIR instrument is given in Daube et al (2002); here we only describe the points that are related to the comparison of CO 2 mixing ratio measurements from the two analyzers. The NDIR analyzer consists of a near infrared light source, gas cells and a solid-state detector.…”

Section: In-flight Comparison Of Co 2 Mixing Ratio Measurements From mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although very reliable, flask measurements have limitations which restrict its ability to capture temporal and spatial variability information, especially for observations within the boundary layer. During the last 30 years, high-accuracy in situ airborne CO 2 measurements (mainly using the NDIR technique) have been carried out both in aircraft campaigns and in routine flights (Boering et al, 1994;Anderson et al, 1996;Daube et al, 2002;Machida et al, 2002;Shashkov et al, 2007;Machida et al, 2008). However, only in recent years has high-accuracy in situ CH 4 instrumentation become available for airborne measurements (Jimenez et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique

et al. 2010

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Abstract. High-accuracy continuous measurements of greenhouse gases (CO 2 and CH 4 ) during the BARCA (Balanço Atmosférico Regional de Carbono na Amazônia) phase B campaign in Brazil in May 2009 were accomplished using a newly available analyzer based on the cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. This analyzer was flown without a drying system or any in-flight calibration gases. Water vapor corrections associated with dilution and pressure-broadening effects for CO 2 and CH 4 were derived from laboratory experiments employing measurements of water vapor by the CRDS analyzer. Before the campaign, the stability of the analyzer was assessed by laboratory tests under simulated flight conditions. During the campaign, a comparison of CO 2 measurements between the CRDS analyzer and a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer on board the same aircraft showed a mean difference of 0.22±0.09 ppm for all flights over the Amazon rain forest. At the end of the campaign, CO 2 concentrations of the synthetic calibration gases used by the NDIR analyzer were determined by the CRDS analyzer. After correcting for the isotope and the pressure-broadening effects that resulted from changes of the composition of synthetic vs. ambient air, and applying those concentrations as calibrated values of the calibration gases to reprocess the CO 2 measurements made by the NDIR, the mean difference between the CRDS and the NDIR during Correspondence to: H. Chen (hchen@bgc-jena.mpg.de) BARCA was reduced to 0.05±0.09 ppm, with the mean standard deviation of 0.23±0.05 ppm. The results clearly show that the CRDS is sufficiently stable to be used in flight without drying the air or calibrating in flight and the water corrections are fully adequate for high-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of CO 2 and CH 4 .

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: In-flight Comparison Of Co 2 Mixing Ratio Measurements From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique

et al. 2010

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“…Nevertheless, in this analysis we treat each of the profiles as independent. All parameters measured aboard the aircraft were recorded at 1-s intervals, typically corresponding to an altitude increment of about 6 m. Generally, CO 2 data were recorded at 4 Hz and processed into median filtered 0.5 Hz data [Daube et al, 2002]. Gaps in the CO 2 profiles correspond to calibrations, which typically took about 90 s. The precision of the Harvard CO 2 instrument was 0.25 ppm (Gerbig et al, submitted manuscript, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for measurement of atmospheric column means of carbon dioxide from aircraft using discrete sampling

et al. 2003

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[1] Automated flask sampling aboard small charter aircraft has been proposed as a lowcost, reliable method to greatly increase the density of measurements of CO 2 mixing ratios in continental regions in order to provide data for assessment of global and regional CO 2 budgets. We use data from the CO 2 Budget and Rectification-Airborne 2000 campaign over North America to study the feasibility of using discrete (flask) sampling to determine column mean CO 2 in the lowest 4 km of the atmosphere. To simulate flask sampling, data were selected from profiles of CO 2 measured continuously with an onboard (in situ) analyzer. We find that midday column means can be determined without bias relative to true column means measured by the in situ analyzer to within 0.15 and better than 0.10 ppm by using 10 and 20 instantaneously collected flask samples, respectively. More precise results can be obtained by using a flask sampling strategy that linearly integrates over portions of the air column. Using less than 8-10 flasks can lead to significant sampling bias for some common profile shapes. Sampling prior to the breakup of the nocturnal stable layer will generally lead to large sampling bias because of the inability of aircraft to probe large CO 2 gradients that often exist very close to the ground at night and during the early morning.

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“…Concentrations of CO 2 were measured using the airborne analyzer described by Daube et al (2002), a repackaging of a LiCor 6251 non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer originally developed for the NASA ER-2 aircraft in the 1990s and flown for thousands of hours in both the troposphere and stratosphere. All samples were dried using a Nafion drier followed by a dryice trap, and referenced in flight at 20 min intervals to low-, mid-and high-span standards traceable to WMO standard gases.…”

Section: Airborne Real-time Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Artaxo²,

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We present the results of airborne measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosol particle number concentration (CN) made during the Balanço Atmosférico Regional de Carbono na Amazônia (BARCA) program. The primary goal of BARCA is to address the question of basinscale sources and sinks of CO 2 and other atmospheric carbon species, a central issue of the Large-scale BiosphereAtmosphere (LBA) program. The experiment consisted of two aircraft campaigns during November-December 2008 (BARCA-A) and May-June 2009 (BARCA-B), which covered the altitude range from the surface up to about 4500 m, and spanned most of the Amazon Basin.Based on meteorological analysis and measurements of the tracer, SF 6 , we found that airmasses over the Amazon Basin during the late dry season (BARCA-A, November 2008) originated predominantly from the Southern Hemisphere, while during the late wet season (BARCA-B, May 2009) low-level airmasses were dominated by northernhemispheric inflow and mid-tropospheric airmasses were of mixed origin. In BARCA-A we found strong influence of biomass burning emissions on the composition of the atmosphere over much of the Amazon Basin, with CO enhancements up to 300 ppb and CN concentrations approaching 10 000 cm −3 ; the highest values were in the southern part of the Basin at altitudes of 1-3 km. The CN/ CO ratios were diagnostic for biomass burning emissions, and were lower in aged than in fresh smoke. Fresh emissions indicated CO/CO 2 and CN/CO emission ratios in good agreement with previous work, but our results also highlight the need to consider the residual smoldering combustion that takes place after the active flaming phase of deforestation fires.During the late wet season, in contrast, there was little evidence for a significant presence of biomass smoke. Low CN concentrations (300-500 cm −3 ) prevailed basinwide, and CO mixing ratios were enhanced by only ∼10 ppb above the mixing line between Northern and Southern Hemisphere air. There was no detectable trend in CO with distance from the coast, but there was a small enhancement of CO in the boundary layer suggesting diffuse biogenic sources from photochemical degradation of biogenic volatile organic compounds or direct biological emission.Simulations of CO distributions during BARCA-A using a range of models yielded general agreement in spatial distribution and confirm the important contribution from biomass burning emissions, but the models evidence some systematic quantitative differences compared to observed CO concentrations. These mismatches appear to be related to problems with the accuracy of the global background fields, the role Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. M. O. Andreae et al.: Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosolsof vertical transport and biomass smoke injection height, the choice of model resolution, and reliability and temporal resolution of the emissions data base.

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A High-Precision Fast-Response Airborne CO₂Analyzer for In Situ Sampling from the Surface to the Middle Stratosphere

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique

High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique

Strategies for measurement of atmospheric column means of carbon dioxide from aircraft using discrete sampling

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

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A High-Precision Fast-Response Airborne CO2Analyzer for In Situ Sampling from the Surface to the Middle Stratosphere

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique

High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique

Strategies for measurement of atmospheric column means of carbon dioxide from aircraft using discrete sampling

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A High-Precision Fast-Response Airborne CO₂Analyzer for In Situ Sampling from the Surface to the Middle Stratosphere

High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique

High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique