For combustion flame with significant variations in radiation intensity, traditional radiation thermometers often have a limited dynamic range due to the response characteristic of photoelectric sensitive sensor. This limitation can lead to extreme exposure including overexposure and underexposure, and make it difficult to conduct effective temperature measurement. To address this problem, a high-dynamic-range (HDR) radiation thermometer is proposed based on the multi-flux structure in parallel. The flame radiation is distributed to different imaging channels with number of eight, which are equipped with gradient F-number to control the light flux entering the imaging sensors. Radiation intensity of flame is matched because there exists an optimal one among different flux levels. What is important is that imaging sensors in different channels can work synchronously to apply in the transient combustion scenarios. The HDR radiation thermometer is processed by the integration of optics, mechanism, and electricity. Through the thermometer calibration of field of view, focusing, and photoelectric mapping relationship, radiation thermometry experiments are conducted on the disturbed candle flame and methane combustion flame with uneven distribution of radiation intensity. The results show that the combination of optimal flux levels at different times can effectively avoid extreme exposure of imaging sensors and reveal the evolution characteristics of flame temperature, which demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method. Our work has potential applications in temperature diagnosis of complex combustion environments with uneven radiation intensity in time and spatial domain.