A high ratio of crossing over inDrosophila ananassae

Moriwaki, Daigoro

doi:10.1007/bf01907995

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Similar individual variation has also been reported earlier by Kikkawa (1938) and by Mukherjee (1961). This aspect was not studied by Moriwaki (1937Moriwaki ( , 1940. However his observations led him to conclude that the occurrence of male crossing over was due to a dominant gene, En II.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

SPONTANEOUS CROSSING OVER IN THE MALES OF DROSOPHILA ANANASSAE: TWO-WAY SELECTION FOR RECOMBINATION VALUES

Kale

1968

The Japanese journal of genetics

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Wide individual variation in the frequency of female crossing over in D. melanogaster was observed in some early experiments (Gowen 1919). In order to study the factors responsible for this variation, experiments were performed to select strains with high and low crossover values.Ineffective two-way selection led Gowen (1919) to conclude that modifying genes are not responsible for the individual variations.On the other hand, Detelfsen and Roberts (1921) could reduce recombination frequency in females of D. melanogaster significantly by selection and proposed that crossing over is controlled by multiple incompletely dominant factors. Levine and Levine (1955) reported that variable crossing over arises in different strains of D. pseudoobscu ra and thus provided evidence in favour of genotypic control of crossing over.Recent attempts to obtain further evidence by using artificial selection were unsuccessful.In females of D. melanogaster, Parsons (1958) selected for increased recombination for nine generations. Although there was a rise in amount of recombination in the region adjacent to the centromere, little alteration was noted over the whole selected segment. Acton (1961) was unsuccessful in reducing recombination frequency even after selecting for 23 generations in the females of the same species. In D. ananassae, Mukherjee (1961) selected spontaneous male recombination values in the third chromosomes and appeared successful in getting a low line within a short period of eight generations, perhaps by picking up an inversion. Ray-Chaudhuri and Kale (1967a, b) studied spontaneous male crossing over in the second chromosomes of D. ananassae.Great individual variation in crossover values of individual males was observed. This is the basis of the two-way selection experiments reported in this paper. MATERIAL AND METHODThe wild stock, as, was collected from Calcutta (India) and was inbred in the laboratory for nearly 300 generations.The marked stock was a second chromosome recessive stock.The markers and their position as descried by Ray-Chaudhuri et al. (1959) are, cu (curled wings), b (black body) and se (sepia eyes). According to the female recombination data, the distance between cu and b is approximately 10 map units and between b and se, 46 map units.The experiments were performed at 74° ±4° F. A random sample of 40 wild males was collected within four hours after eclosion to

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

SPONTANEOUS CROSSING OVER IN THE MALES OF DROSOPHILA ANANASSAE: TWO-WAY SELECTION FOR RECOMBINATION VALUES

Kale

1968

The Japanese journal of genetics

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“…Possibly related to this NO localization is the fact that, in the primary spermatocyte, the X, Y, and fourth chromosomes form a tangled multivalent (Hinton and Downs 1975;Matsuda et al 1983;Goni et al 2006). Another unique character of the species is that spontaneous crossing over occurs in males (Kikkawa 1937;Moriwaki 1937), albeit at much lower frequencies than in females. Subsequent to this discovery, Hinton (1970), Hinton and Downs (1975), Moriwaki's group (Moriwaki et al 1970), and Matsuda et al (1993) have all studied the cytogenetic basis of this phenomenon.…”

Section: Ananassae Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polytene Chromosomal Maps of 11 Drosophila Species: The Order of Genomic Scaffolds Inferred From Genetic and Physical Maps

et al. 2008

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The sequencing of the 12 genomes of members of the genus Drosophila was taken as an opportunity to reevaluate the genetic and physical maps for 11 of the species, in part to aid in the mapping of assembled scaffolds. Here, we present an overview of the importance of cytogenetic maps to Drosophila biology and to the concepts of chromosomal evolution. Physical and genetic markers were used to anchor the genome assembly scaffolds to the polytene chromosomal maps for each species. In addition, a computational approach was used to anchor smaller scaffolds on the basis of the analysis of syntenic blocks. We present the chromosomal map data from each of the 11 sequenced non-Drosophila melanogaster species as a series of sections. Each section reviews the history of the polytene chromosome maps for each species, presents the new polytene chromosome maps, and anchors the genomic scaffolds to the cytological maps using genetic and physical markers. The mapping data agree with Muller's idea that the majority of Drosophila genes are syntenic. Despite the conservation of genes within homologous chromosome arms across species, the karyotypes of these species have changed through the fusion of chromosomal arms followed by subsequent rearrangement events. O NE of the primary strengths of the genus Drosophila as a model system has been the relative ease of generating detailed cytogenetic maps. Indeed, the first definitive mapping of genes to chromosomes Genetics 179: 1601-1655 ( July 2008) was performed in Drosophila melanogaster (Bridges 1916). The subsequent discovery of polytene chromosomes in the salivary glands in this same species (Painter 1934) and their codification into fine-structure genetic/ cytogenetic maps represents perhaps one of the first forays into ''genomics.'' Polytene maps (Bridges 1935;Lefevre 1976) provided an important genetic tool for mapping genes, for detecting genetic diversity within populations, and for inferring phylogenies among related species (Dobzhansky and Sturtevant 1938;Judd et al. 1972;Ashburner and Lemeunier 1976;Lemeunier and Ashburner 1976). Sturtevant and Tan (1937) laid the groundwork for comparative genomics when they established that genes within the chromosomal arms are conserved or syntenic among species. In an insightful melding of the gene mapping and evolutionary studies, H. J. Muller (1940) proposed that the genomes of Drosophila species were subdivided into a set of homologous elements represented by chromosome arms. What Muller (1940) noted, which was subsequently elaborated on by Sturtevant and Novitski (1941), was that the presumed homologs of identified mutant alleles within a chromosome arm of D. melanogaster were also confined to a single arm in other species within the genus where mapping data were available. Using D. melanogaster as a reference, Muller proposed that each of the five major chromosome arms plus the dot chromosome be given a letter designation (A-F) and that this nomenclature be used to identify equivalent linkage groups within the genus.The an...

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“…In the first case reported by Moriwaki (1937Moriwaki ( , 1938Moriwaki ( , 1940 a dominant gene, En-2, located in the second chromosome, was postulated to be responsible for inducing crossing-over among loci on this chromosome in the male and increasing somewhat the female crossing-over . In Kikkawa's case (1937), an Enhancer or Enhancers were believed to control male crossingover in the third chromosome.…”

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confidence: 99%

SPONTANEOUS CROSSING-OVER IN THE MALE OF DROSOPHILA ANANASSAE

Moriwaki

Tobari

Oguma

1970

The Japanese journal of genetics

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It seems that Drosophila ananassae is the only species of Drosophila characterized with a considerable frequency of spontaneous crossing-over in the male. In the first case reported by Moriwaki (1937Moriwaki ( , 1938Moriwaki ( , 1940 a dominant gene, En-2, located in the second chromosome, was postulated to be responsible for inducing crossing-over among loci on this chromosome in the male and increasing somewhat the female crossing-over . In Kikkawa's case (1937), an Enhancer or Enhancers were believed to control male crossingover in the third chromosome.Unfortunately all of these strains were lost during World War II. Another case of spontaneous crossing-over in the male was reported in the same species from India (Mukherjee 1961; Ray-Chaudhuri and Kale 1966;Kale 1968Kale , 1969.Recently, in our laboratory many strains were found which showed spontaneous crossing-over in the male (Moriwaki and Tobari 1967; Moriwaki, Tobari and Oguma 1968). The present study was initiated to determine whether the origin of male crossingover is meiotic or spermatogonial, and to analyze the nature of genetic factors responsible for male crossing-over. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn Drosophila ananassae several inversions have been known in both second and third chromosomes.Therefore on investigating the variation of recombination values, F1 heterozygous flies should be made homozygous for the gene arrangements to exclude an effect of inversions on recombination values.Prior to the present experiment, all wild strains and genetic marker stocks of D. ananassae in our laboratory were examined for the inversions in both second and third chromosomes.The following twelve strains were chosen as the materials in the present experiments from three races and a related species, after Futch (1966), because they had the same arrangement (In-2LA in the second chromosome) as that of the marker stocks, except Hawaii and L-Pago Pago in which In-2LA and In-2LB were segregating.

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A high ratio of crossing over inDrosophila ananassae

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

SPONTANEOUS CROSSING OVER IN THE MALES OF <i>DROSOPHILA</i> <i>ANANASSAE</i>: TWO-WAY SELECTION FOR RECOMBINATION VALUES

SPONTANEOUS CROSSING OVER IN THE MALES OF <i>DROSOPHILA</i> <i>ANANASSAE</i>: TWO-WAY SELECTION FOR RECOMBINATION VALUES

Polytene Chromosomal Maps of 11 Drosophila Species: The Order of Genomic Scaffolds Inferred From Genetic and Physical Maps

SPONTANEOUS CROSSING-OVER IN THE MALE OF <i>DROSOPHILA ANANASSAE</i>

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