A high salivary calcium concentration is a protective factor for caries development during orthodontic treatment

Abstract

Background: This research aimed to evaluate the salivary concentrations of fluoride (F -), calcium (Ca 2+ ), and phosphate (Pi) after brackets bonding, and to identify the role of [F -], [Ca 2+ ], and [Pi] on the development of active caries lesion (ACL) in individuals under fixed orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: A longitudinal investigation with twenty-two individuals from 11 to 22 years of age was performed in four phases (baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months). Analyses were carried out considering the salivary concentration of [F -], [Ca 2+ ], and [Pi], as well as the caries index. Data were analyzed using the Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon test and the multivariate Cox model (p≤0.05). Results: 1 and 3 months after appliance bonding, the [Ca 2+ ] was statistically lower than after 6 months (p<0.0083). On the other hand, salivary [F -] and [Pi] did not show any significant difference during the follow-up. The Cox model demonstrated that the increase of 1 µg/mL in Ca 2+ decreased the risk of ACL development by 27%. In conclusion, the levels of Ca 2+ changed during orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: A high Ca 2+ level in the saliva is a protective factor for ACL development over time.

Fixed appliances orthodontic therapy as a risk factor for caries development: Systematic review

“…In growing patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, Cardoso et al 17 showed that salivary composition plays an essential role in the development of active carious All patients experienced an increase in DMFT. The introduction of professional fluor prophylaxis did not cause significant changes in the increase of carious lesions.…”

Ion-Imprinted Layers as Calcium-Ion Carriers: An Impact of a Functional Monomer on Physicochemical Properties, Composition, and Surface Morphology

“…Moreover, it is also crucial to recreate the tooth mineral at the junction of the filling and tissue to seal the juncture and to prevent further erosion. − Calcium-containing materials are characterized by satisfactory remineralization potential, , but the effectiveness of the process usually requires the simultaneous delivery of phosphate ions, which causes the precipitation of calcium phosphates. − An inverse relationship between the concentration of calcium in dental plaque or saliva and the risk of caries was noticed. Therefore, providing calcium could result in anti-caries action. − However, the main obstacle is related to the delivery of water-soluble bioavailable calcium, opening a floor for further investigation aimed at overcoming the limit . It is also claimed that some dental materials can have antibacterial effects originating from calcium contents. ,− …”

Biomimetic Action of Zinc Hydroxyapatite on Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Review

“…The natural source of calcium and phosphate is saliva, and research has shown that high saliva calcium levels are strongly correlated with low caries [ 16 , 17 ]. In contrast, agents like fluoride have to be provided from external sources, such as mouthwash, toothpastes or gums [ 18 ].…”