A high-throughput robotic sample preparation system and HPLC-MS/MS for measuring urinary anatabine, anabasine, nicotine and major nicotine metabolites

Wei, Binnian; Feng, June; Rehmani, Imran J.; Miller, Sharyn; McGuffey, James E.; Blount, Benjamin C.; Wang, Lanqing

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.012

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, these latter metabolites are not specific to NNK; they can also be produced during the metabolism of nicotine and perhaps other TSNAs. 2,19–21 For these reasons NNAL in human urine is recognized as the preferred biomarker of NNK exposure from tobacco. 2,22,23 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK using its urinary metabolite NNAL measured in US population: 2011–2012

Wei

Blount

Xia

et al. 2015

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) such as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are found only in tobacco and derived products. Food and Drug Administration of the United States (US FDA) lists NNK as one of the 93 harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) found in tobacco products and tobacco smoke. The aim of this study was to use the urinary concentration of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a major metabolite of NNK, to quantitatively estimate exposure to NNK in the US general population. In 2011–2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected urine and serum samples from a representative sample of US residents. We used a serum cotinine cutoff of 10 ng/ml with combination of questionnaire data to select non-users from cigarette users and used self-reported data to determine different tobacco product user groups. We estimated the absorbed total daily dose of NNK using a probabilistic method based on a two-compartment model. The geometric mean (GM) for the daily dose of NNK among smokers aged 12–16 years was significantly higher than that for non-users at the same age stage exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) (P < 0.001). Among those exposed to SHS, the GM for daily dose of NNK in young children (6–11 years) was nearly three times of those for adults in the age range 21–59 years. Among cigarette users, non-Hispanic Whites had the highest NNK daily dose and Mexican Americans had the lowest levels. Exclusive snuff or chewing product users had significantly higher daily dose of NNK than did cigarette smokers. Our study found that the maximum daily dose of NNK for children aged from 6 to 11 years and that for a significant percentage of cigarette users, chewing product and snuff users were higher than an estimated provisional “reference” risk level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK using its urinary metabolite NNAL measured in US population: 2011–2012

Wei

Blount

Xia

et al. 2015

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Therefore, rapid and reliable determination of nicotine is still necessary and constitutes a current challenge for analytical chemists. Determination of nicotine is mostly carried out by means of modern separation techniques such as gas chromatography (Hossain and Salehuddin, 2013) and high-performance liquid chromatography (Wei et al, 2014), capillary electrophoresis (Sánchez-Hernández et al, 2014), imunological methods (Dhar, 2004), spectrophotometry (Yasuda et al, 2013) as well as electrochemical methods (Švorc et al, 2014ab). Chromatographic and immunological methods are both sensitive but are also expensive, time-consuming, lab-based techniques requiring skilled operators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid electrochemical platform for nicotine sensing in cigarettes and chewing gums

Cinková

Dianová

Vojs

et al. 2015

Acta Chimica Slovaca

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A novel protocol for the simple and rapid determination of nicotine using square-wave voltammetry at boron-doped diamond electrode was developed. The effect of pH of supporting electrolyte, scan rate and square-wave voltammetric parameters was examined. Behavior study revealed that nicotine provided two irreversible oxidation peaks, the first one well-shaped at +1.14 V and the second one poorly-defined at +1.61 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode in the presence of phosphate buffer (pH 9.0). Under optimal experimental conditions (modulation amplitude of 40 mV, frequency of 50 Hz and scan rate of 0.225 V·s -1 ), the current response of nicotine was proportionally linear in the concentration range from 9.9 × 10 -6 to 1.7 × 10 -4 mol·L -1 (R 2 = 0.996) with the detection limit of 6.1 × 10 -6 mol·L -1 (0.989 mg·L -1) and the relative standard deviation of 8.8 % (number of measurements n = 10, 5.7 × 10 -5 mol·L -1 nicotine). The proposed procedure was applied to the quantification of nicotine in cigarettes and chewing gums with the determined values in good agreement with those declared by producer. In this respect, the developed protocol could represent an effective and rapid alternative to chemically modified electrodes in analysis of alkaloids.

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“…11 Average extraction recoveries for all analytes ranged from 54 to 93% and 18 to 75% for “free” and “total” measurements, respectively (Table 1). Ion suppression due to matrix effect varied from −9 to 32 and −41 to 32 for “free” and “total” measurements, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cannabinoids and Their Metabolites in Human Urine

2015

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Biologically monitoring marijuana exposure from active and passive use requires both a wide linear range and sensitive detection. We have developed and validated a multifunctional method using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) for analysis of urinary Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol and cannabinol, and two major metabolites of THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC and 11-hydroxy-THC, in active users and particularly in people exposed to secondhand marijuana smoke (SHMS). The method used positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode to reach the sensitivity needed to detect trace SHMS exposure with limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.002 to 0.008 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) and 0.005 to 0.017 ng/mL for “free” (unconjugated forms) and “total” (unconjugated plus conjugated forms) measurements, respectively. These LODs were approximately 10–100 times more sensitive than those reported in the literature. To reduce or avoid time-consuming repetitive sample preparation and analysis, the method simultaneously monitored multiple reaction monitoring transitions in negative ESI mode to quantify high analyte levels typically found in the urine of active marijuana users (linear dynamic range of 12.5–800 ng/mL). The validation results indicated this method was accurate (average inter/intra-day bias, <10%), precise (inter/intra-day imprecision, <10%), and fast (6 min run time). In addition, sample preparation throughput was greatly improved using an automation liquid-handling system, meeting the needs for potential large-scale population studies.

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A high-throughput robotic sample preparation system and HPLC-MS/MS for measuring urinary anatabine, anabasine, nicotine and major nicotine metabolites

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Assessing exposure to tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK using its urinary metabolite NNAL measured in US population: 2011–2012

Assessing exposure to tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK using its urinary metabolite NNAL measured in US population: 2011–2012

Rapid electrochemical platform for nicotine sensing in cigarettes and chewing gums

Analysis of Cannabinoids and Their Metabolites in Human Urine

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