A high‐throughput screen of cell‐death‐inducing factors in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> identifies a novel MAPKK that mediates INF1‐induced cell death signaling and non‐host resistance to <i>Pseudomonas cichorii</i>

Takahashi, Yoshihiro; Nasir, Khairun Hisam; Ito, Akiko; Kanzaki, Hiromitsu; Matsumura, Hideo; Saitoh, Hiromasa; Fujisawa, Shizuko; Kamoun, Sophien; Terauchi, Ryohei

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.03022.x

Cited by 82 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…4G). However, the presence of INF1, which triggers cell death independently of MEK2 (Takahashi et al, 2007), clearly caused necrosis in MEK2-silenced plants (Fig. 4H).…”

Section: Nlmlp Induces Plant Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mucin-Like Protein of Planthopper Is Required for Feeding and Induces Immunity Response in Plants

et al. 2017

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The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is a pest that threatens rice (Oryza sativa) production worldwide. While feeding on rice plants, planthoppers secrete saliva, which plays crucial roles in nutrient ingestion and modulating plant defense responses, although the specific functions of salivary proteins remain largely unknown. We identified an N. lugens-secreted mucin-like protein (NlMLP) by transcriptome and proteome analyses and characterized its function, both in brown planthopper and in plants. NlMLP is highly expressed in salivary glands and is secreted into rice during feeding. Inhibition of NlMLP expression in planthoppers disturbs the formation of salivary sheaths, thereby reducing their performance. In plants, NlMLP induces cell death, the expression of defense-related genes, and callose deposition. These defense responses are related to Ca 2+ mobilization and the MEK2 MAP kinase and jasmonic acid signaling pathways. The active region of NlMLP that elicits plant responses is located in its carboxyl terminus. Our work provides a detailed characterization of a salivary protein from a piercing-sucking insect other than aphids. Our finding that the protein functions in plant immune responses offers new insights into the mechanism underlying interactions between plants and herbivorous insects.

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“…4G). However, the presence of INF1, which triggers cell death independently of MEK2 (Takahashi et al, 2007), clearly caused necrosis in MEK2-silenced plants (Fig. 4H).…”

Section: Nlmlp Induces Plant Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mucin-Like Protein of Planthopper Is Required for Feeding and Induces Immunity Response in Plants

et al. 2017

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“…We increased our success rate by refining the criteria for selecting candidates and focusing only on the RXLR effector class. In addition, we took advantage of the PVX agroinfection method that enables sensitive and high-throughput in planta expression assays by wound inoculation (Takken et al, 2000;Nasir et al, 2005;Takahashi et al, 2007;Vleeshouwers et al, 2008;Bos et al, 2009). Haas et al (2009) recently predicted a total of 563 RXLR effector genes, grouped in 149 families, from the genome sequence of P. infestans strain T30-4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Planta Expression Screens ofPhytophthora infestansRXLR Effectors Reveal Diverse Phenotypes, Including Activation of theSolanum bulbocastanumDisease Resistance Protein Rpi-blb2

Young²,

Lee³

et al. 2009

The Plant Cell

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334

339

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The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins. To address the challenge of assigning biological functions to computationally predicted effector genes, we combined allele mining with high-throughput in planta expression. We developed a library of 62 infection-ready P. infestans RXLR effector clones, obtained using primer pairs corresponding to 32 genes and assigned activities to several of these genes. This approach revealed that 16 of the 62 examined effectors cause phenotypes when expressed inside plant cells. Besides the well-studied AVR3a effector, two additional effectors, PexRD8 and PexRD36 45-1 , suppressed the hypersensitive cell death triggered by the elicitin INF1, another secreted protein of P. infestans. One effector, PexRD2, promoted cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and other solanaceous plants. Finally, two families of effectors induced hypersensitive cell death specifically in the presence of the Solanum bulbocastanum late blight resistance genes Rpi-blb1 and Rpi-blb2, thereby exhibiting the activities expected for Avrblb1 and Avrblb2. The AVRblb2 family was then studied in more detail and found to be highly variable and under diversifying selection in P. infestans. Structure-function experiments indicated that a 34-amino acid region in the C-terminal half of AVRblb2 is sufficient for triggering Rpi-blb2 hypersensitivity and that a single positively selected AVRblb2 residue is critical for recognition by Rpi-blb2.

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“…MKK1 activates SIPK, and MKK1-mediated cell death is compromised by silencing SIPK (Takahashi et al, 2007). The transient expression of SIPK is sufficient to induce HR-like cell death and the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, a gene encoding a key enzyme in the phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway ).…”

Section: Crosstalk Between Two Mapk Cascades and Radical Burstsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAPK Signaling Regulates Nitric Oxide and NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Bursts inNicotiana benthamiana

2008

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Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signals in innate immunity in plants. The radical burst is induced by INF1 elicitin, produced by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NO ASSOCIATED1 (NOA1) and NADPH oxidase participate in the radical burst. Here, we show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades MEK2-SIPK/ NTF4 and MEK1-NTF6 participate in the regulation of the radical burst. NO generation was induced by conditional activation of SIPK/NTF4, but not by NTF6, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. INF1-and SIPK/NTF4-mediated NO bursts were compromised by the knockdown of NOA1. However, ROS generation was induced by either SIPK/NTF4 or NTF6. INF1-and MAPK-mediated ROS generation was eliminated by silencing Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB), an inducible form of the NADPH oxidase. INF1-induced expression of RBOHB was compromised in SIPK/NTF4/NTF6-silenced leaves. These results indicated that INF1 regulates NOA1-mediated NO and RBOHB-dependent ROS generation through MAPK cascades. NOA1 silencing induced high susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare but not to P. infestans; conversely, RBOHB silencing decreased resistance to P. infestans but not to C. orbiculare. These results indicate that the effects of the radical burst on the defense response appear to be diverse in plant-pathogen interactions.

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A high‐throughput screen of cell‐death‐inducing factors in Nicotiana benthamiana identifies a novel MAPKK that mediates INF1‐induced cell death signaling and non‐host resistance to Pseudomonas cichorii

Cited by 82 publications

References 80 publications

A Mucin-Like Protein of Planthopper Is Required for Feeding and Induces Immunity Response in Plants

A Mucin-Like Protein of Planthopper Is Required for Feeding and Induces Immunity Response in Plants

In Planta Expression Screens ofPhytophthora infestansRXLR Effectors Reveal Diverse Phenotypes, Including Activation of theSolanum bulbocastanumDisease Resistance Protein Rpi-blb2

MAPK Signaling Regulates Nitric Oxide and NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Bursts inNicotiana benthamiana

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