A higher performance electric-arc-driven shock tube

Menard, W. A.

doi:10.2514/3.6481

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…It also led to the explanation of some anomalous radiation effects in the shock fronts (Chan et al 1974), which until then defied a reasonable physical interpretation. Although this was a very useful driver, far more impressive electrical drivers were developed at JPL (Menard 1971) and NASA Ames (Dannenberg 1977). Although this was a very useful driver, far more impressive electrical drivers were developed at JPL (Menard 1971) and NASA Ames (Dannenberg 1977).…”

Section: The Third Ten Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over forty years of continuous research at UTIAS on nonstationary flows and shock waves

Glass

1991

Shock Waves

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Analytical and experimental research on nonsl;ationary shock waves, rarefaction waves and contact surfaces has been conducted continuously at UTIAS since its inception in 1948. Some unique facilities were used to study the properties of planar, cylindrical and spherical shock waves and their interactions. Investigations were also performed on shock-wave structure and boundary layers in ionizing argon, water-vapour condensation in rarefaction waves, magnetogasdynamic flows, and the regions of regular and various types of Mach reflections of oblique shock waves. Explosively-driven implosions have been employed as drivers for projectile launchers and shock tubes, and as a means of producing industrial-type diamonds from graphite, and fusion plasmas in deuterium. The effects of sonic-boom on humans, animals and structures have also formed an important part of the investigations. More recently, interest has focussed on shock waves in dusty gases, the viscous and vibrational structure of weak spherical blast waves in air, and oblique shock-wave reflections. In all of these studies instrumentation and computational methods have played a very important role. A brief survey of this work is given herein and in more detail in the relevant references.

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Section: The Third Ten Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over forty years of continuous research at UTIAS on nonstationary flows and shock waves

Glass

1991

Shock Waves

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“…As seen in the figure, the facility produces test times that are at least comparable to those obtained elsewhere. 11 ' 14 ' 22 Most previous test runs in the facility were made with a driven-tube charging pressure that produced an equilibrium or near-equilibrium condition behind the primary shock. As mentioned in the Introduction, there is a need for producing low-density nonequilibrium flows.…”

Section: Performance Envelopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operating characteristics of a 60- and 10-cm electric arc-driven shock tube. I - The driver. II - The driven section

Sharma

Park

1990

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

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This is the first part of a two-part paper describing the operating characteristics of the electric arc-driven shock-tube facility at NASA Ames Research Center. In this part, the operating envelope of the facility and the technology of the arc driver are presented. Specifically, the question as to how well the behavior of the arc driver is understood and controlled is addressed. A plasma kinetics model of the exploding wire is developed to describe the arc behavior in the driver. Using this model, the performance parameters for the arc driver, and thereby the performance of the facility, can be predicted approximately. NomenclatureA d = cross-sectional area of driver, m 2 A w = characteristic constant of the metal a = speed of sound C = capacitor bank capacitance, F C e = mean thermal velocity of electrons, \/8kT e /Trm e C v -specific heat of trigger wire D = diameter of the driver D a = diameter of the arc column E = electric field intensity, V/m EI -ionization potential e = electronic charge Gr = Grashoff number, p 2 g^TD 3 /(^T) g = Earth gravitational acceleration / = total current, A I a = arc current, A /w = current in trigger wire, A j e = electric current density in gas phase, A/m 2 j t -electric current density due to thermionic emission, A/m 2 Kf = forward (dissociation or ionization) rate coefficient, cm 3 mole" 1 s" 1 K r = recombination rate coefficient, cm 6 mole" 2 s" 1 k = Boltzmann constant L a = arc inductance, H L x = external inductance, H m e = electron mass m w -mass of trigger wire Nu = Nusselt number n a = number density of neutral atoms, m~3 n e = electron number density, m~3 P = gas pressure Pr = Prandtl number q = heat transfer rate, J/m s R a = arc resistance, 12 R w = resistance of trigger wire, Q R x = external resistance, Q Presented as Paper 88-0142 at T = gas temperature, K T e = electron temperature, K T w = trigger wire temperature, K V a = arc volume, m 3 V d = driver volume, m 3 a = degree of ionization or dissociation e = internal energy of the gas per unit mass e vv = internal energy of the trigger wire per unit mass 7 = specific heat ratio Xw = work function of trigger wire K = thermal conductivity f j L = viscosity v es = collision frequency of electrons for collisions with species "5", s" 1 p = gas density, kg/m 3 a = plasma conductivity, mho/m Subscripts a = arc e = electron s = shock layer t = thermionic emission w = driver trigger wire x = external 1 = initial driven-tube condition 2 = behind the primary shock 4 = initial driver condition 5 = reflected shock oo = test section

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“…2 The chamber is conical with the high-voltage electrode at the smaller end and a ring-shaped flush, wall electrode at the larger or downstream end. The conical driver uses a highly preloaded plastic diaphragm that ruptures concurrently with the arc strike.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conical arc driver for high-energy test facilities.

Dannenberg

1972

AIAA Journal

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A higher performance electric-arc-driven shock tube

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Over forty years of continuous research at UTIAS on nonstationary flows and shock waves

Over forty years of continuous research at UTIAS on nonstationary flows and shock waves

Operating characteristics of a 60- and 10-cm electric arc-driven shock tube. I - The driver. II - The driven section

A conical arc driver for high-energy test facilities.

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