A highly conductive proton exchange membrane for high temperature fuel cells based on poly(5-vinyl tetrazole) and sulfonated polystyrene

Li, Jinhuan; Wang, Jianxin; Chen, Xiangqun; Lv, Zhaoping; Chen, Tian; Wang, Tangyang

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2013.12.014

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…PVTz is considered as a potential choice for operating at high temperatures under anhydrous condition as its conductivity at 120 °C (∼10 −7 S/cm) is approximately 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of poly(4‐vinylimidazole) (∼10 −10 S/cm) . Furthermore, high proton conductivity of 4 × 10 −2 S/cm at 120 °C was achieved from polymer blends of PVTz and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) without extra humidity . The promising conductivity was ascribed to the unique composition of the two components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylonitrile‐based proton conducting membranes containing sulfonic acid and tetrazole moieties

Sangthumchai

Youngme

Martwiset

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Proton conducting membranes based on polymers containing sulfonic acid and tetrazole moieties were developed. Successful syntheses of poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene sulfonic acid) (PAN-co-PSSA), poly(acrylonitrile-co-5-vinyl tetrazole) (PAN-co-PVTz), and poly(acrylonitrile-co-5-vinyl tetrazole-co-styrene sulfonic acid) (PAN-co-PVTz-co-PSSA) were confirmed by 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Two approaches were performed to study the effects of molar ratio of sulfonic acid to tetrazole and tetrazole content on membrane properties. In the first approach, PAN-co-PSSA was blended with PAN-co-PVTz at three molar ratios. The second approach focused on PAN-co-PVTz-co-PSSA membranes with various tetrazole contents. PAN-co-PSSA membrane was also prepared. All solution-cast membranes were hydrolytically stable, except for PAN-co-PVTz-co-PSSA with 71% tetrazole. Surface morphologies of blend membranes were studied using scanning electron microscopy, and no phase separation was observed. Water uptake was shown to increase with increasing tetrazole. All membranes exhibited high thermal stability (up to 250 8C) and high storage moduli. Proton conductivity was found to depend significantly on relative humidity. The influences of sulfonic acid to tetrazole ratio and tetrazole content on proton conduction were observed and discussed. A maximum proton conductivity of 7.1 3 10 23 S/cm at 26 8C was obtained from PAN-co-PSSA membrane. In addition, all tested membranes showed relatively good oxidative stability after treatment in Fenton's reagent. V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45411.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylonitrile‐based proton conducting membranes containing sulfonic acid and tetrazole moieties

Sangthumchai

Youngme

Martwiset

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…At lower frequency regions, the conductivity increases with log frequency then leveled off which is due to electrode polarizations. The irregularities at the low frequency side correspond to polarization blocking the electrode–electrolyte interface and the conductivity increase at low temperature and high frequencies results from the regular dispersion in polymer electrolytes . Maximum proton conductivities of the obtained PEMs are listed in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pristine heterocyclic polymers generally show a low conductivity due to a weak dissociation of the heterocyclic species, most of the azole‐based anhydrous PEM reports use small strong acids to enhance the proton conductivity . The proton conductivity of PVTri homopolymer at 150 °C was measured as 1.13 × 10 −7 S cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of proton conductivity of anhydrous proton exchange membranes prepared via grafting vinyltriazole onto alkaline-treated PVDF

Sinirlioglu

Müftüoğlu

Gölcük

et al. 2014

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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This work uses a simple “grafting through” approach in the preparation of anhydrous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐g‐PVTri polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). Alkaline‐treated PVDF was used as a macromolecule in conjunction with vinyltriazole in the graft copolymerization. The obtained polymer was subsequently doped with triflic acid (TA) at different stoichiometric ratios with respect to triazole units and the anhydrous PEMs (PVDF‐g‐PVTri‐(TA)x) were prepared. All samples were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The composition of PVDF‐g‐PVTri was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the membranes were examined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The surface roughness and morphology of the membranes were studied using atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. PVDF‐g‐PVTri‐(TA)3 (C3‐TA3) with a degree of grafting of 47.22% showed a maximum proton conductivity of 0.09 S cm−1 at 150 °C and anhydrous conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1885–1897

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“…Phosphoric acid doped membranes of these polymers [P(VT‐co‐AN)] were prepared by H. Pu and S. Ye and the effect of molecular weight, tetrazole content, and acid doping level on the proton conductivity was studied . J. Li reported synthesis of a new composite material for high temperature fuel cell application with low humidity (4 × 10 −2 S/cm) by blending polyvinyl tetrazole (PVT) with sulfonated polystyrene . In addition to this, various important studies were reported by the combination of controlled/living radical polymerization and click chemistry.…”

Section: Nitrile Group Modifications In Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of synthetic modification of nitrile group in polymers and applications

Sruthi

Anas

2020

Journal of Polymer Science

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The physicochemical properties of polymers are mainly dependent on the nature of polymer backbone and/or pendant groups linked to the main chain. Therefore, synthetic modification of these functional groups via post functionalization is an important approach for obtaining novel polymeric systems with improved properties and targeted applications. In this context, the synthetic modifications of nitrile group in polymers into various useful functionalities have received considerable attention and several interesting applications of the resulting polymers have been identified. The majority of the studies are based on Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and some isolated examples of nitrile functionalization in copolymers such as Poly (Styrene-co-Acrylonitrile) (SAN), Poly (Acrylonitrile-co-Butadiene-co-Styrene (ABS) and Nitrile Rubber (NBR) are available. These synthetic modifications are mainly accomplished by the reactions such as Nucleophilic addition, cycloaddition, reduction, and hydrolysis using various reagents. These studies describing the post-polymerization modifications of nitrile group in polymers reported during the last three decades are covered in this review.

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A highly conductive proton exchange membrane for high temperature fuel cells based on poly(5-vinyl tetrazole) and sulfonated polystyrene

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Polyacrylonitrile‐based proton conducting membranes containing sulfonic acid and tetrazole moieties

Polyacrylonitrile‐based proton conducting membranes containing sulfonic acid and tetrazole moieties

Investigation of proton conductivity of anhydrous proton exchange membranes prepared via grafting vinyltriazole onto alkaline-treated PVDF

An overview of synthetic modification of nitrile group in polymers and applications

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