“…Nevertheless, relatively little work has been performed on RuCo alloys, which have been reported to be useful in applications, such as but not limited to batteries 23 and Fischer-Tropsch catalysts 24,25 in addition to electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), 22,[26][27][28][29][30] the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), 31 the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), 32,33 and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). 34 Results for RuCo alloys used as electrocatalysts have been especially promising, with the alloys frequently outperforming the Pt standards at lower overall costs. Specically, a study which compared RuM (M ¼ Co, Ni, Fe) catalysts for the HOR, HER, ORR, and OER reported that the RuM alloys achieved higher activities for HOR and HER versus both pure Ru and Pt standards.…”