A Highly Immobilized Organic Anode Material for High Performance Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Abstract

Organic conjugated carbonyl materials have attracted considerable attention in the field of high-capacity and green energy storage technologies. However, the high solubility in organic electrolyte restrains their further application. In this work, an organic terephthalate compound (Li2M) with propargyl groups is synthesized innovatively and then used to prepare a highly cross-linked anode material (X-Li2M) by simple hydrothermal treatment for rechargeable lithium batteries. The electrochemical properties are enhanced significantly by in situ constructing an interpenetrating network of X-Li2M and the conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The as-synthesized X-Li2M@CNTs composite anode delivers a reversible capacity of ∼200 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C after 200 cycles and exhibits excellent cycle stability at a high rate of 1 C with ∼150 mAh g–1 retention capacity after 1000 cycles and nearly 100% average Coulombic efficiency. Additionally, the superior rate capability is obtained at the high rate of 2 and 10 C and with specific discharge capacities of 140 and 100 mAh g–1, respectively. Highly reversible redox reaction of the electrochemical active site carbonyl group (CO) is ascertained by ex-situ infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The described approach provides a novel direction for the immobilization of organic electrode molecules and is intended to serve as a universal guide for the research and fabrication of high-performance organic batteries.

Conjugated Tetrathiafulvalene Carboxylates for Stable Organic Lithium Batteries

“…It is clear that the peak of C=O bond disappeared, and the peak of C−O bond is significantly stronger when the batteries are discharged to 0.01 V. When the batteries are recharged to 3 V, the C=O peak at 288.88 eV is appeared again. Therefore, the C=O bond is the active site of TTF‐Li 2 and TTF‐Li 4 for reversible storage of lithium, similar to that in other conjugated carboxylate systems [47–53] …”

“…The performance of TTF‐Li 2 and TTF‐Li 4 batteries was compared with that of other organic batteries based on carboxylate compounds, as shown in Figure 6b. It can be seen that at a similar current rate, the discharge capacity of the TTF‐Li 4 battery is higher than those of the TTF‐Li 2 battery and other organic batteries based on carboxylate compounds [47–53] …”

A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries

“…[4][5][6] In traditional lithium-ion batteries, the active materials contain transition metal elements such as cobalt, titanium, and manganese, so that they are not only expensive but also harmful to the environment due to their toxicity. [7][8][9][10] Hence, developing a new type of low-cost and environment-friendly active materials has become signicant for the better utilization of lithiumion batteries in the future.…”

Water‐soluble Polyacrylate Copolymers as Green Binders of Graphite Anodes for High‐energy Density Lithium‐ion Pouch Cells with Enhanced Electrochemical and Safety Performance

“…Recently, an important development trend for the manufacturing technology of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is to use the green plate manufacturing process, reduce the consumption of non-green components, and improve the battery energy density and safety. [1][2][3][4][5] As a well-known dispersant during the slurry mixing process of active materials, water has advantages in cost, operation, and environment; thus, it is an ideal choice to use water-soluble binders to prepare battery plates. However, oil-based process technology is traditionally used to prepare electrode plates due to various technical limitations; that is, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) adhesive is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, and PVDF-NMP adhesive is distributed around the active material particles to form a slurry.…”

“…Recently, an important development trend for the manufacturing technology of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is to use the green plate manufacturing process, reduce the consumption of non‐green components, and improve the battery energy density and safety [1–5] . As a well‐known dispersant during the slurry mixing process of active materials, water has advantages in cost, operation, and environment; thus, it is an ideal choice to use water‐soluble binders to prepare battery plates.…”