A Highly Ordered Self-Assembled Monolayer Film of an Azobenzenealkanethiol on Au(111): Electrochemical Properties and Structural Characterization by Synchrotron in-Plane X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Electrodes

“…168,169 In very densely packed SAMs, azobenzenes are electrochemically silent, presumably because of strong inhibition of ion ingress and the significant structural change during reduction. 170 …”

Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical response of electrodes coated with LB films of an azopolymer

“…Redox processes of azobenzene in terms of pyridine protonation state: (a) protonated pyridine at pH 2, and (b) unprotonated pyridine at pH 8. Table 2 Apparent surface coverage of PAzPy LB films determined from the cathodic (Γ c ) and anodic (Γ a ) processes (calculated for a scan rate of 0.02 V s −1 ); surface coverage (Γ ), determined from the π-A isotherm and the transfer ratio; and percentage of electroactive azobenzene units in the LB films [6], can be estimated by the integration of reduction (Γ c ) and oxidation (Γ a ) waves, using the equation [37]:…”

“…Thus, the immobilization of electroactive azobenzene materials at the electrode surface has potential applications such as multimode chemical signal transducers [1], molecular junctions [2], molecular machines [3], ultrahigh-density photoelectrochemical information storage [4], and 'in situ' electrochemical actinometry [5]. Azobenzene chromophores are also used as probes to study the long-range electron transfer kinetics and proton migration into a densely packed film [6][7][8][9].…”

Characteristics of Cl‐ and Au‐Containing Nanocomplex and Its Effect on the Following Electrodeposition of Polypyrrole

“…Because charge transfer phenomenon could take place through nitrogen atom with lone pair of electrons to metal complex [1,7,24,38], the higher oxidation level may also result from the electron transfer from PPy to Au(ClO 4 ) 4 À formed on the Au substrate during roughening. As shown in the literature [14,17,23,49], the laser excitation wavelength should be far removed from direct electronic resonance with an electronic transition localized on the adsorbate in the SERS study. The visible absorption spectrum of PPy, as shown in Figure 8, indicates that the laser excitation wavelength of 632.8 nm used in this study is well outside the strongest wavelength absorption band.…”

“…Numerous methods can be used to obtain rough metals substrates, including plasma treatment [11], sputtering coating [3,15], mechanically polishing by using abrasives [16] and vacuum evaporation deposition [4,9,12,17,18]. However, a controllable and reproduced surface roughness can be generated through control of the electrochemical oxidation-reduction cycles (ORC) procedure [19].…”