A highly resistant structure between cuticle and cortex of human hair

Takahashi, Toshie; Yoshida, Satoshi

doi:10.1111/ics.12380

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hair fibres are hierarchically structured, so the penetration process inside hairs is complicated. In our previous paper , we reported the presence of a chemically resistant structure at the interface between the cuticle and the cortex, which protects the cortex from external stimuli. In this study, the function and position of that structure was examined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In our previous study , we reported that the exposed cortex is quickly decomposed in a solution of urea/reductant/alkali. In contrast, the cortex of intact hair, which is enclosed in the cuticle layer, is maintained in that same solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, it is possible that the barrier is another structure observed at the interface and that the structure is the resistant structure previously reported . Considering that the proximal ends of the cuticle cells are embedded in and are composed of this structure, it was named the HRBC (highly resistant base of cuticle) in that paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ring dyeing phenomenon is observed, wherein the penetration of dyes is hindered at the interface, so that the stained area looks like a ring. In our previous study , we reported that there is a chemically resistant structure at the interface of the cuticle and the cortex that plays a role as a barrier to protect the cortex from chemical decomposition. In addition, we proposed that a layer at that interface observed in ultrastructural images of longitudinal sections of hair may be the structure in question.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A highly resistant structure between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair. II. CARB, a penetration barrier

Takahashi

2019

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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OBJECTIVE: We previously reported that a chemically resistant structure is present at the interface between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair. The goal of this study was to identify the position of that structure and to clarify its barrier ability. METHODS: Untreated, partially and completely decuticled hair fibres were characterized. The correlation between the number of cuticle layers and the penetration depth of a dye into the cortex was microscopically investigated. In addition, similar measurements were performed using hair with a denatured cell membrane complex. RESULTS: The penetration depth of the dye into the cortex showed no statistically significant correlation with the number of cuticle layers in the case of partially decuticled hair fibres (the number of cuticle layers ranged from one to four). Penetration of the dye proceeded drastically just when the last cuticle layer was lost, but denaturation of the cell membrane complex did not affect the depth of penetration. That suggested that the penetration barrier at the interface between the cuticle and the cortex is not the cell membrane complex, but rather is the resistant structure previously reported. It was observed that a thin layer structure is located beneath the endocuticle of the innermost cuticle cell layer, only in the range where the cuticle borders the cortex. It is thought that this is the structure in question. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that a highly resistant structure located at the interface between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair acts as a penetration barrier. We propose that structure be named CARB, cuticle anchored resistant base.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A highly resistant structure between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair. II. CARB, a penetration barrier

Takahashi

2019

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…Our previous studies [9–11] found that (1) there is a chemically resistant structure at the interface of the cuticle and the cortex; (2) that structure plays a role as a barrier against the penetration of direct dyes; (3) steryl glycoside lipids containing N‐acetylglucosamine are present at the interface of the cuticle and the cortex and these lipids were also detected in the follicle [12]; and (4) a thin amorphous‐shaped structure is present between the endocuticle of the innermost cuticle and the cell membrane complex (cmc) located between the cuticle and the cortex. That structure is thought to be the chemically resistant structure in question and to contain the glycolipid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly resistant structure between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair III: Characterzation of the structure CARB

Takahashi

2021

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Objective It was previously reported that a highly resistant structure, which functions as a barrier against the penetration of dyes, is present at the interface between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair. That structure was named CARB, cuticle anchored resistant base. The goal of this study was to clarify the formation and composition of the structure CARB. Methods Cuticular substructures were observed from the keratinized area of each hair to its root end. The positions where the CARB structure appeared were isolated, and the barrier ability before and after that structure was evaluated. The distributions of glycolipid and cystine were measured using a nano‐IR and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results Cuticular substructures were fully constructed several mm from the hair bulb of the hairs observed. The results show that keratinization at the distal side of the cuticle cell precedes that of the proximal side, and CARB is fully constructed last among the substructures. Glycolipid was preferentially distributed at CARB in the keratinized area. The cystine content of CARB is lower than that of the A‐layer; however, it is slightly higher than that of the exocuticle and the inner layer. Conclusion These results demonstrate that CARB is produced in the final stage of keratinization of the cuticle layers. The rich contents of glycolipid and cystine might contribute to its resistant property.

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Fungal Polysaccharide Production for Dermatological Purposes

Camelini¹,

Rossi²,

Sousa³

et al. 2021

Polysaccharides of Microbial Origin

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A highly resistant structure between cuticle and cortex of human hair

Abstract: This study proposed the presence of a membrane-like structure, which is highly resistant against chemical treatment, at the region between cuticle and cortex of human hair. This may protect cortex from external stimuli more firmly than the surface part of cuticle.

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

A highly resistant structure between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair. II. CARB, a penetration barrier

A highly resistant structure between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair. II. CARB, a penetration barrier

A highly resistant structure between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair III: Characterzation of the structure CARB

Fungal Polysaccharide Production for Dermatological Purposes

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