A highly selective gelatin-taurocholate-tellurite medium for the isolation of Vibrio cholerae

Monsur, K. A.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(61)90090-6

Cited by 105 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In another set of BP enrichment cultures, an antibiotic, i.e., streptomycin (70 μg/mL) or nalidixic acid (30 μg/mL), was added. Dilutions of the enrichment cultures were spread on taurocholate tellurite gelatin agar (TTGA) plates (27) containing streptomycin (70 μg/mL) and on TTGA plates devoid of any antibiotic. Suspected Vibrio colonies were picked and subjected to standard biochemical and serological tests (28).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quorum-regulated biofilms enhance the development of conditionally viable, environmental Vibrio cholerae

Kamruzzaman

Udden

Cameron

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The factors that enhance the waterborne spread of bacterial epidemics and sustain the pathogens in nature are unclear. The epidemic diarrheal disease cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae spreads through water contaminated with the pathogen. However, the bacteria exist in water mostly as clumps of cells, which resist cultivation by standard techniques but revive into fully virulent form in the intestinal milieu. These conditionally viable environmental cells (CVEC), alternatively called viable but nonculturable cells, presumably play a crucial role in cholera epidemiology. However, the precise mechanism causing the transition of V. cholerae to the CVEC form and this form's significance in the biology of the pathogen are unknown. Here we show that this process involves biofilm formation that is dependent on quorum sensing, a regulatory response that is controlled by cell density. V. cholerae strains carrying mutations in genes required for quorum sensing and biofilm formation displayed altered CVEC formation in environmental water following intestinal infections. Analysis of naturally occurring V. cholerae CVEC showed that organisms that adopt this quiescent physiological state typically exist as clumps of cells that comprise a single clone closely related to isolates causing the most recent local cholera epidemic. These results support a model of cholera transmission in which in vivo-formed biofilms convert to CVEC upon the introduction of cholera stools into environmental water. Our data further suggest that a temporary loss of quorum sensing due to dilution of extracellular autoinducers confers a selective advantage to communities of V. cholerae by blocking quorum-mediated regulatory responses that would break down biofilms and thus interfere with CVEC formation.biofilm formation | conditionally viable environmental cells (CVEC) | quorum sensing | transmissibility of cholera B acterial gene regulation in response to cell density, known as "quorum sensing," is a regulatory response thought to occur in bacterial communities through the sensing of extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers that are produced by members of the community (1, 2). Quorum-sensing systems (Fig. S1) such as those described in Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera, have been shown to regulate certain phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence (1-4). As a waterborne pathogen, V. cholerae is known to transit between the host intestinal milieu and a hypotonic aquatic environment during spreading epidemics of cholera (5), and both biofilm formation and quorum sensing have been proposed to influence transmission of V. cholerae (2-4, 6). Although phage predation (7-9), along with other regulatory changes (10, 11) that have been proposed to occur in vivo and in vitro, might also influence transmissibility, the genetic mechanisms that promote survival of V. cholerae in the natural aquatic environments (and thus support waterborne disease) remain unknown.Although cholera is a waterborne disea...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quorum-regulated biofilms enhance the development of conditionally viable, environmental Vibrio cholerae

Kamruzzaman

Udden

Cameron

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…From the Cary-Blair medium, the swabs were plated directly onto thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar and tellurite taurocholate gelatin agar. 9 The swabs were also plated after enrichment in alkaline peptone water (pH 8.6) for six hours at 37°C. After overnight incubation at 37°C, suspected colonies on the agar plates were tested biochemically and agglutinated with polyvalent Ogawa and Inaba antiserum (Difco Laboratories).…”

Section: Postvaccination Surveillance For Choleramentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Mass Oral Cholera Vaccination in Beira, Mozambique

et al. 2005

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“…Ten milliliters of phytoplankton were homogenized in a Teflon-tipped tissue grinder (Wheaton Scientific, Millville, N. J., U.S.A.) using a Sted Fast Stirrer (Model 300 , Fisher Scientific, U.S.A.). One milliliter of the plant homogenete, 10 ml of phytoplankton homogenate, 50 ml of water and 1.0 gram of sediment were enriched separately in bilepeptone broth and incubated overnight at 37 C. All samples were then plated onto plesiomonas differential agar (7) and taurocholate tellurite gelatin agar (19) and incubated at 44 C and 37 C respectively for 18-24 hr. Suspected Plesiomonas-like colonies were further characterized using standard procedure (16,25).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Plesiomonas shigelloides in Various Components of Pond Ecosystems in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Islam

Alam

Khan

1991

Microbiology and Immunology

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Plesiomonas shigelloides is considered to be a waterborne agent of human gastroenteritis. An ecological study was carried out in five ponds in Dhaka city over a period of one year to elucidate the distribution and seasonality of this organism in various components of pond ecosystems. Samples were collected from hydrophytes, water, phytoplankton and sediment every 15 days over 12 months and cultured for P. shigelloides. P. shigelloides was isolated from a total of 120 samples including 25 (20.8%), 16 (13.3%), 22 (18.3%) and 35 (29.2%) of hydrophytes, water, phytoplankton and sediment samples. respectively. Distinct seasonal patterns of isolation of P. shigelloides were observed in the four components with two distinct peaks. The highest peaks were observed in hydrophytes and water samples in May and in phytoplankton and sediment in November. P. shigelloides was isolated from all components from all ponds during the study period. These results suggest that P. shigelloides is an autochthonous member in the freshwater pond ecosystems in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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A highly selective gelatin-taurocholate-tellurite medium for the isolation of Vibrio cholerae

Cited by 105 publications

References 1 publication

Quorum-regulated biofilms enhance the development of conditionally viable, environmental Vibrio cholerae

Quorum-regulated biofilms enhance the development of conditionally viable, environmental Vibrio cholerae

Effectiveness of Mass Oral Cholera Vaccination in Beira, Mozambique

Distribution of Plesiomonas shigelloides in Various Components of Pond Ecosystems in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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