A Highly Sensitive and Miniature Optical Fiber Sensor for Electromagnetic Pulse Fields

Abstract

The detection of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) field is of great significance in determining the field environment of tested equipment in small spaces. Finger-shaped miniature optical fiber sensors for electromagnetic pulse field measurement were designed. The antenna of a weak field sensor was integrated with a shielding shell, and the wire welded at the direct electro-optic converting circuit connected to an optical fiber through special structure and circuit design was taken as the antenna of a strong field sensor. Measurements in the time domain and frequency domain had been carried out for the two sensors. Experiment results demonstrate that the weak field sensor and the strong field sensor have flat responses from 100 kHz to 1 GHz with a variation of 2.3 dB and 2.9 dB, respectively, and the EMP waveform detected by the sensors agrees well with the applied standard square wave. Moreover, the strong field sensor exhibits linear responses from 645 V/m to 83 kV/m. The resolution of the weak field sensor is as low as 13 V/m. The result indicated that the designed sensors had good performance.

Identification and Compensation for D-Dot Measurement System in Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Measurement

“…In the time-domain dynamic calibration of the EM field sensor, the square wave pulse is appropriate for calibrating broadband test systems and is frequently used for modeling broadband systems as excitation signals [ 8 , 19 , 26 ]. The presence of abundant high-frequency components at the front edge and low-frequency components at the flat top is one of the benefits of square wave excitation signals.…”

“…Transient electromagnetic (EM) fields are generated in the form of pulses by various types of discharge (such as electrostatic discharge [ 1 ], partial discharge [ 2 ], pantograph arcing [ 3 ], and transmission line corona [ 4 ]), lightning [ 5 ], high-voltage switching operation [ 6 ], and nuclear detonation [ 7 ]. These EM pulses have the typical characteristics of a transient pulse signal with a sharp rising edge and an ultra-wide band (UWB); hence, both the time- and frequency-domain measurements pose some difficulties [ 8 , 9 ]. However, as the military, aerospace, transportation, and electronics industries pay increasing attention to electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems, the undistorted measurement of transient EM fields, which serves as the basis of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis, is becoming more demanding, and related techniques have become a focus of recent research [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

An electro-optic (EO) pulsed electric field sensor powered by photovoltaic cell

“…In addition, passive EO modulation electric field sensors have the advantages of small volume, large bandwidth, and fast response, but the EO crystals in such sensors are very sensitive to temperature, and even small temperature drifts can cause changes in sensor performance, making the usage conditions extremely demanding [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Active EO modulation-based sensor using a small antenna to receive the electric field and transmitting it through optical fiber, thereby solving the conducted interference issue and has a better temperature stability [15][16][17][18]. However, current active EO modulation-based electric field sensor requires external power supply for the EO modulation module.…”

Light intensity optimization of optical fiber stress sensor based on SSA-LSTM model

“…Optical fiber sensor has the advantages of light weight, small volume, high sensitivity and easy reuse to form distributed measurement. It is widely used to measure physical quantities such as stress and strain in engineering projects such as bridge construction, pipeline leakage and deepwater riser (Zhao et al, 2021). Researchers have proposed various types of optical fiber stress sensors (Asriani et al, 2020;Cai et al, 2020;Guo et al, 2020;Tan et al, 2020;Zheng et al, 2020;Tang et al, 2021;Xiang, 2021), which are based on single-mode multi-mode single-mode tapered fiber Bragg grating sensors.…”