The in situ solvothermal conversion of metal–organic
gels (MOGs) to crystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
represents a versatile and ingenious strategy that has been employed
for the synthesis of MOF materials with specific morphologies, high
yield, and improved functional properties. Herein, we have adopted
an in situ solvothermal conversion of bimetallic
MOGs to crystalline bimetallic MOFs with the aim of introducing a
redox-active metal heterogeneity into the monometallic counterpart.
The formation of bimetallic NiZn-MOF and CoZn-MOF
via
in situ solvothermal sol–gel–crystal
and sol–crystal transformation is found to depend on the solvent
systems used. The sol-to-gel-to-crystal transformation of NiZn-MOF
via the formation of NiZn-MOG is found
to occur through the gradual disruption of gel fibers leading to subsequent
formation of microcrystals and single crystals of NiZn-MOF. These bimetallic MOFs and MOGs serve as promising electrocatalysts
for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with an excellent methanol tolerance
property, which can be attributed to the enhanced mass and charge
transfer, higher oxygen vacancies, and bimetallic synergistic interactions
among the heterometals. This work demonstrates a convenient strategy
for producing bimetallic MOGs to MOFs through the introduction of
a redox-active metal heterogeneity in the inorganic hybrid functional
materials for fundamental and applied research. Our results connect
MOGs and MOFs which have been regarded as having opposite physical
states, that is, soft vs hard, and provide promising structural correlation
between MOGs and MOFs at the molecular level.