A hip abduction exercise prior to prolonged standing increased movement while reducing cocontraction and low back pain perception in those initially reporting low back pain

Distinctive characteristics of prolonged standing low back pain developers’ and the associated risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Concurrent with significant pain reduction, 12-week graded standing exposure using a sit-stand desk and home exercise for the intervention group and only sit-stand desk without instruction or home exercise for the control group, made all PDs adopt a more dynamic strategy with significantly increased large BWS frequency after 12 weeks 43 . Likewise, anti-fatigue mat tended to increase the number of BWS by 116% in NPDs and 54% in PDs 61 and side-lying, repetitive (dominant) leg raising exercise before prolonged standing increased the small and large BWTs with time during the 30-min block for all participants with a similar trend extending to the 45-min block 54 .…”

“…Side-lying, repetitive (dominant) leg raising exercise before prolonged standing could lead to lower peak VAS scores during the fatigue session. Female reductions began after 90 min and male reductions began after 120 min 54 .…”

“…Table 1 summarizes the reported demographics of PDs and NPDs from all studies. A series of random-effects models were used to analyze age 9 , 10 , 13 , 18 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 42 – 44 , 46 , 47 , 51 , 54 , 56 – 58 , 60 , 61 , height 10 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 51 , 54 , 56 – 58 , 60 , 61 , weight 10 , 13 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 51 , 54 , 56 – 58 , 60 , 61 , BMI 9 , 10 , 13 , 18 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 35 , 36 , 42 – 44 ...…”

“…According to the definition of a risk factor 68 , GMed co-activation is a correlate of standing-induced LBP 39 that has been shown to exist prior to prolonged standing exposure 14 and consistently during standing 9 , 32 , 44 and before pain emergence 39 . From the intervention that could successfully result in lasting decrease of standing-induced LBP, although PDs’ usual GMed activation pattern has changed concurrently with pain reduction in some interventions 16 , 40 , 54 , in some other intervention studies, usual GMed co-activation pattern related to LBP remained unchanged irrespective of significant reductions in standing-induced LBP 9 , 34 , 38 highlighting the possible hypothesis that the increase in muscle co-activation may serve as a compensatory mechanism for poor postural control during level standing, leading to pain in areas of the low back 16 . On the whole, the findings support the notion that LBP development is not simply a response of GMed muscle activation patterns.…”

“…Using footrest increased lumbar spine flexion in comparison to level standing during both the intervals of elevated leg standing and even level standing over time 16 and could maintain UL lordosis as it moved away from usual standing posture without a footrest and became slightly less lordotic 30 . Furthermore, using side-lying, repetitive (dominant) leg raising exercise before prolonged standing, Viggiani and Callaghan 54 reported that females’ reductions began after 90 min while males’ reductions began after 120 min. Interestingly, in contrast to male PDs exhibiting more anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar extension, female PDs had more posterior pelvic tilt and lumbar flexion than female NPDs during the fatigue session compared to the control session that is in line with other successful intervention to reduce pain causing more lumbar flexion.…”