A histochemical study of sympathetic innervation and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the developing pineal body of the rat

Machado, Conceição R. S.; Wragg, Laurence E.; Machado, Ângelo B. M.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(68)90051-6

Cited by 59 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This suggests that there is |3-adrenergic-inducible 5'-D activity at this early stage of life and the development of the 5'-D rhythm may be, at least in part, due to maturation of pineal innervation, which is most intense during the second postnatal week [8,9,16]. In our present study, pineal 5'-D activity in the saline-injec ted group was higher in 5-day-old than in adult rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Ontogenesis of Pineal Thyroxine 5’-Deiodinase Activity and Plasma Melatonin Concentration in the Rat

Murakami¹,

Greer²,

Greer³

et al. 1989

Neuroendocrinology

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Rat pineal thyroxine 5’-deiodinase (5’-D) activity was detectable by 5 days after birth. Nyctohemeral differences became significant by 10 days of age and gradually reached adult magnitude at 1–2 months, primarily due to a progressive increase in nocturnal enzyme activity. A nyctohemeral difference in N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity was observed by 5 days postnatally and the maturation of NAT rhythmicity was characterized by both a decrease in diurnal and an increase in nocturnal enzyme activity. The maturation of 5’-D rhythmicity was slower than that of NAT. Isoproterenol stimulated 5’-D activity in 5-day-old rats in which there was no spontaneous nyctohemeral 5’-D rhythm, suggesting that the appearance of rhythmicity in pineal 5’-D may depend on the development of pineal innervation. Melatonin was detectable in plasma by 5 days postnatally and reached adult levels at 21 days. A nyctohemeral difference in plasma melatonin concentration existed from day 5 with the highest value at midnight. The difference between noon and midnight increased approximately 10-fold to the adult amplitude by 15 days of age. There was a transient rise of both diurnal and nocturnal plasma melatonin concentration which peaked at 10 days before dropping severalfold to the adult level for both noon and midnight values by 21 days. Since the rhythms of pineal NAT activity and of plasma melatonin concentration are established before that of pineal 5’-D, it is unlikely that the rhythm of melatonin secretion is initiated by a prior maturation of the pineal 5’-D rhythm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Ontogenesis of Pineal Thyroxine 5’-Deiodinase Activity and Plasma Melatonin Concentration in the Rat

Murakami¹,

Greer²,

Greer³

et al. 1989

Neuroendocrinology

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“…The dramatic increase in SR formation at the end of the first postnatal week, whether during the nocturnal or diurnal period of a regular 1ight:dark cycle (LD 12:12) (King and Dougherty, 1980), or during continuous light (LL) or continuous darkness (DD), paralleled concurrent development of adrenergic innervation of the rat pineal gland (Machado et al, 1968) as well as a similar dramatic increase in Fig. 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Previously we demonstrated, during neonatal rat development, the development of a circadian rhythm in SR numbers during a LD 12:12 photoperiod (King and Dougherty, 1980), which paralleled the neonatal development of pineal adrenergic innervation (Machado et al, 1968) and circadian rhythm in pineal norepinephrine levels (Moore and Smith, 1969). Thereafter, both SR numbers and norepinephrine levels exhibit similar circadian rhythms of high amplitude.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Age‐related changes in pineal “synaptic” ribbon populations in rats exposed to continuous light or darkness

King

Dougherty

1982

Am. J. Anat.

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"Synaptic" ribbon (SR) populations in the rat pineal gland were analyzed morphometrically at various ages from birth to early adulthood. The rats were born and raised in continuous light or continuous darkness. SR numbers were high irrespective of the presence or absence of light during the early neonatal period. However, SR numbers decreased substantially during the second neonatal week of continuous light, remaining low at subsequent ages, including early adulthood. In contrast, SR numbers apparently remained elevated during continuous darkness at various ages from the early neonatal period to early adulthood. Stimulation of pineal adrenergic receptors with L-isoproterenol during continuous light resulted in an acute, reversible increase in SR numbers; blockade of these receptors with L-propranolol during continuous darkness resulted in an acute decrease in SR numbers. These results indicate that light-mediated changes in SR populations were 1) age related and 2) related to some component of the pineal beta-adrenergic receptor mechanism. A hypothesis that SR formation may be related to beta-adrenergic receptor-associated membrane turnover is presented.

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“…A rather wide variety of evidence indicates that catecholaminergic neurons in the brains (Lauder and Bloom, 1974), or peripheral nervous systems (Machado et al, 1968;Machado, 1971) of altricial mammals such as the rat finish dividing by the last trimester of pregnancy. However, maturational changes in the morphology and neurotransmitter chemistry of these nerve cells continues, depending on the specific species and nerve tract, until relatively late in neonatal life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional synaptogenesis and the rat pineal gland: A pharmacological investigation

Altar

Motroni

Lytle

1983

J. Neural Transmission

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Pineal glands obtained from rats of different ages were incubated in vitro with drugs known to specifically alter pre- or postsynaptic noradrenergic neurotransmission to determine when during development nerve terminal or receptor mediated control of glandular N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity might reach functional maturation. Basal daytime NAT activity measured in vitro was lowest in fetal rats, increased dramatically by the day of birth, peaked at 10 days postnatally, and subsequently declined to near adult levels by 25 days of age. Drugs (isoproterenol, norepinephrine, or propranolol) known to influence pineal gland NAT activity by acting directly on pinealocyte postsynaptic beta-noradrenoceptors produced comparable changes in enzyme activity at all ages studied, although larger doses of the receptor agonist were required in fetal animals to elevate NAT activity. In contrast, in vitro incubation with indirect acting drugs (amphetamine or 1-dopa) which require functional presynaptic nerve terminals to exert their pharmacological effects, failed to increase pineal gland NAT activity until early in postnatal life. Hence, postsynaptic beta-noradrenoceptors may function to control pineal gland NAT activity prior to the time when the presynaptic sympathetic neurons innervating the gland attain maturational status.

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A histochemical study of sympathetic innervation and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the developing pineal body of the rat

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

Ontogenesis of Pineal Thyroxine 5’-Deiodinase Activity and Plasma Melatonin Concentration in the Rat

Ontogenesis of Pineal Thyroxine 5’-Deiodinase Activity and Plasma Melatonin Concentration in the Rat

Age‐related changes in pineal “synaptic” ribbon populations in rats exposed to continuous light or darkness

Functional synaptogenesis and the rat pineal gland: A pharmacological investigation

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