A histomorphologic analysis of pyrethroid pesticide on the cerebrum and cerebellum of adult albino rats

Igho, Odokuma Emmanuel; Afoke, Iteire Kingsley

doi:10.4103/1596-2393.154401

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The reasons might be due to loss of appetite observed among exposed groups in comparing to controls. The result of this study is in agreement with Igho and Afoke [7] which reported that insecticides were associated with extensive cerebellar and cerebral damage with impaired behavioral changes and feeding habit. It is believed that the adverse effects of an insecticide are dependent on a number of factors as reported by WHO [5].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…POPs are grouped according to their use and origin into pesticides which include aldrin, chlordane, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) etc and industrial chemicals which include polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorocyclohexane [5]. Among the classes of pesticides, insecticides have been implicated as having the most effects on human health because they are designed to act on insect receptors, ion channels, and enzymes which are very similar to those found in humans [6,7]. Specifically, exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been shown to have a strong positive association with type 2 diabetes and related metabolic conditions [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Atherogenic Indices in Adult Wistar Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid Insecticides

Atere¹,

Osadolor²

2017

Am. J. Biomed. Sci.

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Indiscriminate use of pesticides appears to increase the production of free radicals in organisms such as humans and other animals. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pyrethroid insecticides on oxidative stress biomarkers and atherogenic indices in exposed adult Wistar rats. A total number of apparently healthy 60 Wistar rats were randomly selected for this study and divided into two groups. Thirty six (36) were exposed to 1.2 % w/v pyrethroid insecticides while the remaining twenty four (24) were grouped as non-exposed. The animals in each group were anesthetized and blood sample was collected from the inferior vena cava after days of exposure. Plasma levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), Nitric Oxide (NO) and lipids profiles were determined using standard spectrophotometric techniques. Plasma activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) were determined using standard spectrophotometric techniques. Statistical analysis of data was obtained and P<0.05 was considered significant. The mean TChol and HDL were significantly higher in 7days than 41days exposure, while plasma mean TChol and HDL were significantly lower in 41days than 21days exposure. The plasma mean levels of SOD, GPx, CAT, GSH and TAS were significantly decreasing while plasma mean levels of MDA, H 2 O 2 and NO were significantly increasing from 7 days through 41 days exposure in exposed groups irrespective of the gender. In conclusion, this study observed that there is oxidative stress in Wistar rats exposed to pyrethroids based insecticides and lowered antioxidant defenses also observed in the studied population. Also, there was increased in weight differences with possibility of becoming obese. Thus, antioxidant supplements are advised as a prophylactic supportive therapy for adequate measures in preventing development of oxidative stress-associated complications among exposed individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Atherogenic Indices in Adult Wistar Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid Insecticides

Atere¹,

Osadolor²

2017

Am. J. Biomed. Sci.

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“… 18 In rat brains, a congestion of blood vessels was observed following treatments with a 3 mL/kg pyrethroid mixture (allethrin, imiprothrin, and phenothrin) for 40 days. 70 Mahseer ( Tor putitora ) exposed to 63 μg/L cypermethrin for 96 h 71 and silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) exposed to 2 μg/L deltamethrin for 96 h 72 exhibited infiltration, spongiosis, and neuronal degeneration in brain tissues. Rats administered with 50 mM cypermethrin exhibited brain congestion when examined histologically, which correlated with increased neuronal lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Non-targeted Lipidomics and Histopathology to Characterize the Neurotoxicity of Bifenthrin to Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Magnuson

Caceres

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Due to the detection frequencies and measured concentrations in surface water, the type I pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin, has been of particular concern within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. Concentrations have been detected above levels previously reported to impair neuroendocrine function and induce neurotoxicity to several species of salmonids. Metabolomic and transcriptomic studies indicated impairment of cellular signaling within the brain of exposed animals and potential alteration of lipid metabolism. To better understand the potential impacts of bifenthrin on brain lipids, juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were exposed to mean bifenthrin concentrations of 28 or 48 ng/L for 14 days, and non-targeted lipidomic profiling in the brain was conducted. Brain tissue sections were also assessed for histopathological insult following bifenthrin treatment. Bifenthrin-exposed trout had a concentration-dependent decrease in the relative abundance of triglycerides (TGs) with levels of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) significantly altered following 48 ng/L bifenthrin exposure. An increased incidence of histopathological lesions, such as focal hemorrhages and congestion of blood vessels, was noted in the brains of bifenthrin-treated animals, suggesting an association between altered lipid metabolism and neuronal cell structure and integrity.

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“…4). Repeated doses of CY lead to prolongation of sodium permeability of nerve membrane, thus associated with excitation, instead of transient increase (Igho and Afoke 2014). Such changes in VGSCs could be responsible for different brain alterations.…”

Section: Physico-clinical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insecticides are associated with harmful effects on body organs, including wide-ranging brain damage. The insecticides reflect their neurotoxic effects mostly by gliosis, vague changes of glial tissues to central nervous system (CNS) injuries such as reported multiple system atrophy, prion disease, and multiple sclerosis (Igho and Afoke 2014;Ren et al 2021). These discoveries were similar to investigations in which cerebellar and cerebral changes occurred due to insecticide treatment in rats (Gupta 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Repeated Doses of Cypermethrin on the Behavioral and Histological Alterations in the Brain of Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi)

2021

Int J Vet Sci

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Among pesticides, insecticides are being used to control external parasitic infestations in animals and crops and combat vermin in and around houses. Insecticides are associated with harmful effects on body organs, including brain damage. To explore the toxic effects of pyrethroid insecticides on the brain, this study was conducted to explore the neural-toxicological effects of cypermethrin (CY) in apparently healthy adults and weight-matched male rabbits (n=40). Different doses (0, 50, 100, and 150mg.kg-1 body weight) of CY mixed in mustard oil were injected intraperitoneally at weekly intervals for 71 days in rabbits assigned into four equal groups: W, X, Y, and Z. The rabbits under experiment were monitored daily for various clinical signs of toxicity and fodder intake, whereas the body weight was noted weekly. Two rabbits from each group were euthanized fortnightly, and the brain from each animal was collected for morphological and histological examination. The CY-treated rabbits showed various clinical signs, decreased body weight gain, and reduced relative brain weight. Microscopically, the CY-treated rabbits showed Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum and pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex at different stages of development. Therefore, CY could lead to brain and behavior alterations in rabbits and increase the risk of diseases.

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A histomorphologic analysis of pyrethroid pesticide on the cerebrum and cerebellum of adult albino rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Atherogenic Indices in Adult Wistar Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid Insecticides

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Atherogenic Indices in Adult Wistar Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid Insecticides

The Use of Non-targeted Lipidomics and Histopathology to Characterize the Neurotoxicity of Bifenthrin to Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The Effect of Different Repeated Doses of Cypermethrin on the Behavioral and Histological Alterations in the Brain of Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi)

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