A histopathological study of streptococcal disease in tilapia.

Miyazaki, Teruo; Kubota, Saburoh S.; Kaige, Noboru; Miyashita, Toshio

doi:10.3147/jsfp.19.167

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The most obvious sign observed was when the fish swam in a spiraling fashion. This particular behavior has previously been attributed to central nervous system damage (Eldar et al 1994).The general histological findings observed in challenged fish were similar to previous reports of streptococcal infections (Miyazaki et al 1984, Eldar et al 1995, Bowser et al 1998, with fish exhibiting a mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the liver, kidney and heart. Moderate to severe epicarditis was often observed.…”

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confidence: 76%

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Infection of barramundi Lates calcarifer with Streptococcus iniae: effects of different routes of exposure

Bromage¹,

Owens²

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

104

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The use of various challenge techniques has allowed the formation of a hypothesis for the mode of infection of Streptococcus iniae in barramundi. A bacterial dose of 1 × 10 3 colony forming units (cfu), corresponding to the LD 50 , delivered orally to barramundi could initiate the sub-acute form of the disease observed at the farms. The acute form of the disease could be initiated through bath exposure to the pathogen. S. iniae was equally as infective in freshwater, saltwater or when fish were subject to skin trauma prior to exposure, with LD 50 values of 3.2 × 10 4 , 2.0 × 10 4 , 3.2 × 10 4 cfu, respectively, when observed over a 10 d period. It is suggested that sub-acute infection occurs orally, with mass mortalities occurring through the increased presence of the bacterium in the environment. KEY WORDS: Barramundi · Streptococcus iniae · Route of infectionResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Dis Aquat Org 52: 199-205, 2002 bacterial exposure by immersion. Taniguchi (1982) suggested that bacterial infection in cultured yellowtail Seriola quinquinradiata was occurring orally, through being fed infected trash fish. More recently, Evans et al. (2000) suggested that nares infection might be important to the establishment of the disease in striped bass Morone saxtilis.These studies were all dependent on having high levels of Streptococcus iniae present in the environment for infection to take place. During preliminary research to determine the level of culturable S. iniae in the marine environment, it was found that the bacterium rarely reached numbers sufficient to become pathogenic to barramundi (Bromage 1997). This finding suggested that another mode of infection might be important. While barramundi culture relies on processed feeds, we hypothesized that the fish were becoming infected orally through the consumption of infected carrier fish or through the faecal-oral route. This study was devised to test the possible routes of entry of S. iniae into susceptible hosts in the marine environment, and to examine the potential of S. iniae as a pathogen of freshwater cultured barramundi. MATERIALS AND METHODSFish selection and maintenance. Barramundi of 100 ± 5 mm total length were obtained from a farm located outside the endemic area of the pathogen. All experimental trials were performed in 170 l glass aquaria. Each aquarium was filled with seawater (35 parts per thousand, unless otherwise stated) and heated to 27°C.Preparation of bacterial inoculum. All studies were conducted with isolate number 28-97-L-K, isolated in a previous study and known to be pathogenic to barramundi (Bromage et al. 1999). The bacterial culture was grown for 24 h in brain-heart infusion broth (BHI, Oxoid) with continual shaking to provide bacteria in the exponential growth phase. The culture was pelleted by centrifugation (4000 × g) and washed 3 times in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) before being resuspended in PBS until an optical density of 1.0 was obtained at A 600 (absorbance ...

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confidence: 76%

“…Fibrin deposition has previously been reported to occur in the liver and spleen of naturally infected tilapia (Miyazaki et al 1984). Barramundi in this experiment often displayed severe disseminated intra-vascular coagulation, indicated by fibrin deposition in the microcirculation of the brain and spleen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Infection of barramundi Lates calcarifer with Streptococcus iniae: effects of different routes of exposure

Bromage¹,

Owens²

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

104

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“…Histopathologically, alpha-hemolytic streptococci usually caused granulomatous inflammation, for example in yellowtail and tilapia, whereas beta-hemolytic bacteria caused septicemia in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis and rainbow trout, and severe suppurative inflammation in the eyes of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Miyazaki et al 1984). A gammahemolytic or non-hemolytic streptococcal infection in bul1minno~'vs Fundulus grandis caused a systemic infection that localized in the eye, liver and spleen (Rasheed et al 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly in freshwater fish, Streptococcus sp. has been isolated from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Boomker et al 1979, Kitao et al 1981, Humphrey et al 1987, Bragg et al 1989, golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas (Robinson & Meyer 1966), and tilapia Elapia nilotica (Miyazaki et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcosis in aquarium fish

Ferguson¹,

Morales²,

Ostland³

1994

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Streptococcus-like bacteria were recovered In large numbers from moribund zebra danlos Brachydanio rerio and pearl danios Brachydanio albohneatus imported Into Canada as aquarium species. Histopathology revealed a bacteremia with lesions present in many organs, but in particular the spleen and k~d n e y .These could best be characterized as acute and necrotizlng rather than granulomatous Similar dlsease was subsequently produced experimentally in zebra danios as well as In rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and white cloud mountain minnows Tanichthys albonubes, by means of bath immersion. In these experiments, mortality started 2 to 4 d after exposure.

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“…infection can cause lesions, congestions, hemorrhages, exophthalmos, corneal opacity, intra-ocular and periorbital hemorrhages. Due to the high capability of spleen and posterior kidney to trap bacteria, Streptococci can be commonly found in those organs in conjuction to tissue necrosis [26].…”

Section: Histopathological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Histopathology of Streptococcus iniae from Indonesia

Dewi¹,

Kurniasih²,

Amanu³

et al. 2015

JAST-B

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Streptococcus iniae has been detected in several regions in Indonesia, such as Bali, Jambi and Papua. Outbreak of meningoencephalitis and septicemia was still often found in Papua. The aim of study was to compare phenotype, genotype and histopathology of S. iniae from Papua. Bacteria was identified using morphological and biochemical tests. It was also extracted, amplified and sequenced to see genotypic characters. The primer used were 5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCT-3' (24F) and 5'-AAGGGAGGTGATCCAGCCGCA-3' (1540R) in 16S rRNA region. Result of sequencing was analyzed by the neighbor joining and maximum parsimony methods. The identification result of isolate from Papua was S. iniae. The amplification result was a sharp band-1,500 bp band in 16S rRNA region. The phylogenetic tree showed that isolate from Papua was closely related to S. iniae strains CMS005 from Guangxi China. Bacterial clumps of S. iniae was firstly found in the blood vessel of liver at the 3rd day after infection and then caused the inflammation to spleen, heart, brain, kidney and gut at the 7th day post infection.

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A histopathological study of streptococcal disease in tilapia.

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Infection of barramundi Lates calcarifer with Streptococcus iniae: effects of different routes of exposure

Infection of barramundi Lates calcarifer with Streptococcus iniae: effects of different routes of exposure

Streptococcosis in aquarium fish

Phylogeny and Histopathology of Streptococcus iniae from Indonesia

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