A Histopathological Study of the Bacterial Plaque in Relation to the Destruction of Enamel, Dentine and Bone with Special Reference to Dental Caries [<i>Condensed</i>]

Hodson, J. J.

doi:10.1177/003591575504800815

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Increasing evidence suggests that the chronicity of persistent bacterial infections is due to bacterial biofilm formation, which contrasts with the planktonic bacteria found in acute infections ( IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, XIII, XV ) as shown in Table . The longest recognized biofilm infections are dental infections, such as caries and parodontitis (see Table ), although these are outside the scope of this thesis.…”

Section: Medical Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of bacterial biofilms in chronic infections

Bjarnsholt

2013

APMIS

955

649

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Acute infections caused by pathogenic bacteria have been studied extensively for well over 100 years. These infections killed millions of people in previous centuries, but they have been combated effectively by the development of modern vaccines, antibiotics and infection control measures. Most research into bacterial pathogenesis has focused on acute infections, but these diseases have now been supplemented by a new category of chronic infections caused by bacteria growing in slime‐enclosed aggregates known as biofilms. Biofilm infections, such as pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients, chronic wounds, chronic otitis media and implant‐ and catheter‐associated infections, affect millions of people in the developed world each year and many deaths occur as a consequence. In general, bacteria have two life forms during growth and proliferation. In one form, the bacteria exist as single, independent cells (planktonic) whereas in the other form, bacteria are organized into sessile aggregates. The latter form is commonly referred to as the biofilm growth phenotype. Acute infections are assumed to involve planktonic bacteria, which are generally treatable with antibiotics, although successful treatment depends on accurate and fast diagnosis. However, in cases where the bacteria succeed in forming a biofilm within the human host, the infection often turns out to be untreatable and will develop into a chronic state. The important hallmarks of chronic biofilm‐based infections are extreme resistance to antibiotics and many other conventional antimicrobial agents, and an extreme capacity for evading the host defences. In this thesis, I will assemble the current knowledge on biofilms with an emphasis on chronic infections, guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of these infections, before relating this to my previous research into the area of biofilms. I will present evidence to support a view that the biofilm lifestyle dominates chronic bacterial infections, where bacterial aggregation is the default mode, and that subsequent biofilm development progresses by adaptation to nutritional and environmental conditions. I will make a series of correlations to highlight the most important aspects of biofilms from my perspective, and to determine what can be deduced from the past decades of biofilm research. I will try to bridge in vitro and in vivo research and propose methods for studying biofilms based on this knowledge. I will compare how bacterial biofilms exist in stable ecological habitats and opportunistically in unstable ecological habitats, such as infections. Bacteria have a similar lifestyle (the biofilm) in both habitats, but the fight for survival and supremacy is different. On the basis of this comparison, I will hypothesize how chronic biofilm infections are initiated and how bacteria live together in these infections. Finally, I will discuss different aspects of biofilm infection diagnosis. Hopefully, this survey of current knowledge and my proposed guidelines will provide the basis and inspiration for more research,...

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Section: Medical Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of bacterial biofilms in chronic infections

Bjarnsholt

2013

APMIS

955

649

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“…These are regarded as the result of acid action on enamel, (2) white enamel areas, diffuse in nature, and present as large irregularly distributed bands in enamel, commonly referred to as hypocalcified developmentally defective areas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Physical Studies of Enamel From Human Teeth

1958

J Dent Res

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N THE BASIS of clinical location and gross appearance, two types of white opaque enamel may be distinguished: (1) white opaque areas of enamel on the approximal surface of young teeth, commonly referred to as white spots or early various lesions. These are regarded as the result of acid action on enamel, (2) white enamel areas, diffuse in nature, and present as large irregularly distributed bands in enamel, commonly referred to as hypocalcified developmentally defective areas.As a result of histologic observations and the increased stainability of these areas, the belief has been expressed that this altered enamel has a higher organic content than sound enamel. Hardwick and Manley,' and Hodson2 claim that the increase in organic material of such opaque areas is due to the adsorption of material from the saliva. Biochemical studies of white opaque enamel by Coolidge,3 however, revealed no significant difference in the nitrogen content of sound and altered enamel. Stack4 on the other hand, showed that chalky enamel contains 3 to 4 times as much organic material as the adjacent sound enamel. There have apparently been no attempts to determine the density of such areas.The present investigation was undertaken to characterize the two types of opaque enamel as to histologic structure, density, and nitrogen content and to compare these findings with corresponding data on sound enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe procedure for selection of teeth and recording of their history, the fixation and preparation of ground sections, and the special technics (collection of enamel samples; density and nitrogen determinations) used for studying the altered enamel areas have been reported in previous publications (Bhussry5' 6). It should be mentioned, however, that on the basis of clinical

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Animate Substrata and Biofilms

Kanematsu

Barry

2020

Formation and Control of Biofilm in Various Environments

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A Histopathological Study of the Bacterial Plaque in Relation to the Destruction of Enamel, Dentine and Bone with Special Reference to Dental Caries [Condensed]

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

The role of bacterial biofilms in chronic infections

The role of bacterial biofilms in chronic infections

Chemical and Physical Studies of Enamel From Human Teeth

Animate Substrata and Biofilms

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