A historical investigation on water resources management in Iran

Saatsaz, Masoud

doi:10.1007/s10668-018-00307-y

Cited by 77 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One of the areas where the features of Web GIS can be used to address an urban management problem is the water distribution network. Several investigations on Iranians abilities in maintaining and managing the water resource throughout the history have been done [23,24]. According to these surveys, renewable water per capita in Tehran is now reaching a critical threshold level.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial Information System-Based Modeling Approach for Leakage Management in Urban Water Distribution Networks

Mirshafiei

Sadeghi‐Niaraki

Shakeri

et al. 2019

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this paper is to model one of the urban network problems, the issue of water leakage. In order to manage water leakage, the specific area should be partially isolated from the rest of the network. As Geospatial Information System (GIS) is a powerful technology in spatial modeling, analysis and visualization of the water network management, a web GIS system for finding optimal valves to close in the event of an incident was developed. The system consists of a new GIS based algorithm for identifying the ideal valves to isolate the desired pipeline. The algorithm is able to identify optimum valves in a water distribution network in the shortest time by using the traceability in GIS web services. The system uses the functions of storing and managing the spatial data by expert users based on web 2.0 technology. The system was implemented and evaluated for Tehran’s district 5 water distribution network using Silverlight, C# and ArcGIS SDK (Software Development Kit). The evaluations demonstrated the accuracy of the algorithm and the operational viability of the system developed.

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial Information System-Based Modeling Approach for Leakage Management in Urban Water Distribution Networks

Mirshafiei

Sadeghi‐Niaraki

Shakeri

et al. 2019

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The average annual temperature is 17.6 °C (Economics 2019). In the same period, the total annual rainfall is, on average, ∼228 mm 4 (one-third of the world's average), of which ∼ 50% falls in winter (correspond to the minimum water demand), ∼23% in spring, ∼23% in autumn, and ∼4% in summer (coincided with the maximum water demand) (Saatsaz 2019). From a geographical view, the precipitation ranges from less than ∼20 mm/yr in the southeast, east, and central parts to more than ∼1,000 mm/yr in the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea (Mousavi 2005).…”

Section: Study Area Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undoubtedly, solving these problems and moving towards a better future is not possible without addressing the past. 2018; Mahmoudian and Mahmoudian 2012; Labbaf Khaneiki 2019;Saatsaz 2019). Most of these researches focus on (i) water infrastructure such as weirs, dams, qanats, water-mills, (ii) water resources management, (iii) socioeconomic aspects of water, and (iv) architectural design of water-related systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resources Management, Technology, and Culture in Ancient Iran

Saatsaz

Rezaie

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Iran is one of the countries facing high water risk because of its geographical features, climate variations, and uneven distribution of water resources. Iranians have practiced different water management strategies at various periods following the region's geo-climatological features, needs, tools, available resources (surface water and groundwater), political stability, economic power, and socio-cultural characteristics. This study is a brief history of water management in Iran from pre-civilization times to the end of the Islamic Golden Age (1219 AD). This study pointed out geo-climatological features have consistently been crucial intrinsic properties controlling water regime, settlement patterns, and other socioeconomic issues. These factors caused the early agricultural communities to emerge in water-rich regions of northwestern, western, and southwestern Iran. By the 4th Millennium BC, while water access became more difficult as population growth, economic activity, and urbanization progress, water resources' systematic development appeared in west and southwest Iran under the Mesopotamian civilization. However, despite all benefits, Mesopotamian water-based technology and administration could not meet all water demands in Iran's arid regions. For these reasons, qanats were developed in Persia by the First Persian Empire (Achaemenid Empire). No doubt, the Achaemenids (550–330 BC) should be regarded as one of the early civilizations that emerged in a land without sufficient rainfall and major rivers. In this time, idle and marginal lands of Iran and neighboring regions of the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia could be cultivated through the spread of qanat technology, enabling large groups of peasants to increase crop yields and incomes. After a period of recession during the Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) and the Parthian Empire (247 BC–224 AD), water resources development gained momentum in the Sassanid era (224–651). In this period, the progress of urbanization was expeditious. Consciously, water resources development in Khuzestan plains (Shushtar and Dezful) was crucial for agricultural intensification, economic expansion, and civilization development. The Sassanids wisely adapted Greek watermills to the complicated topography, limited water availability, and variable climate of Iran to produce food. Although the Iranians practiced a new era of water governance under the Sassanid rule (224–651 AD), chaotic Iran in the Late Sasanian and Early Islamic Period led to severe weaknesses in water-related sectors. After Islam's arrival, the Muslim rulers turned their attention from fighting to set up an Islamic civilization to break the socioeconomic stagnation. To achieve the goal, they opened their scientific doors to science and technology centers. Despite all efforts made during the 8th–12th century, the lack of creativity and investment in promoting water technologies, prioritizing political considerations over social benefits, occurring wars, and poor water management have induced the Iranians to lose their power in developing water resources. In today's Iran, the past water-related problems have aggravated by uneven climate change, population rise, rapid industrialization, urban development, and unprecedented changes in lifestyle. Undoubtedly, solving these problems and moving towards a better future is not possible without addressing the past.

show abstract

“…The main concerns in the allocation of water resources within the sustainable development goals (SDG) approach are achieving maximum use for society, the environment, and the economy while minimizing conflicts among different stakeholders. Health, environmental, political, social, economic, and sustainability concerns increase the need to integrate these problems into management solutions [2]. This relevance of better water management to achieve SDGs is increasingly important globally, where according to [3], half a billion people now live under severe water scarcity, and 4 billion in water scarcity at least one month a year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values of these parameters are based on the average long-term annual cultivation area 2. Average long-term wetland inundated between May and August (The most effective ecological services of the Hamoun wetland depend on its hydrological conditions in the months mentioned).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Water Resources Management in an Arid Area Using a Coupled Optimization-Simulation Modeling

Farrokhzadeh

Monfared

Azizyan

et al. 2020

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Severe water scarcity in recent years has magnified the economic, social, and environmental significance of water stress globally, making optimal planning in water resources necessary for sustainable socio-economic development. One of the regions that is most affected by this is the Sistan region and its Hamoun wetland, located in south-east Iran. Water policies are essential to sustain current basin ecosystem services, maintaining a balance between conflicting demands from agriculture and the protection of wetland ecosystems. In the present study, a multi-objective optimization model is linked with the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software to optimize water allocation decisions over multiple years. We formulate and parameterize a multi-objective optimization problem where the net economic benefit from agriculture and the supply of environmental requirements were maximized, to analyze the trade-off between different stakeholders. This problem is modeled and solved for the study area with detailed agricultural, socio-economic, and environmental data for 30 years and quantification of ecosystem services. By plotting Pareto sets, we investigate the trade-offs between the two conflicting objectives and evaluate a possible compromise. The results are analyzed by comparing purely economic versus multi-objective scenarios on the Pareto front. Finally, the disadvantages and advantages of these scenarios are also qualitatively described to help the decision process for water resources managers.

show abstract

A historical investigation on water resources management in Iran

Cited by 77 publications

References 52 publications

Geospatial Information System-Based Modeling Approach for Leakage Management in Urban Water Distribution Networks

Geospatial Information System-Based Modeling Approach for Leakage Management in Urban Water Distribution Networks

Water Resources Management, Technology, and Culture in Ancient Iran

Sustainable Water Resources Management in an Arid Area Using a Coupled Optimization-Simulation Modeling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About